當代雲南傣族上座部佛教的毀滅與重生（上）：國家政權的清洗與改造

The Destruction and Revival of Tai Theravada Buddhism in Yunnan (Part 1): Ideological Elimination and Political-Economy

劉宇光(Lawrence Y. K. Lau)

《人間佛教研究》 9期 (2019/01) Pp. 125-170

摘要

本文是雲南傣族上座部佛教毀滅與重生的上篇，副題是「國家政權的清洗與改造」。中國近年推出的南進國策，中國學界遂有觀點認為，雲南傣族上座部佛教因而可展開對東南亞國家的佛教公共外交，並提出對雲南上座部作為「大國佛教」的「戰略意義」之論述。本文以這立論為問題意識並作出商榷。本文上篇「國家政權的清洗與改造」分四節。一，扼要說明在中國對東南亞的南進國策下，中國學界就雲南上座部佛教的「戰略意義」的論述，乃至當局近期的具體舉措。二，探討政權自上而下所推動，當代雲南1950－1970年代政治意識形態整肅運動和1980－2010年代少數民族旅遊經濟發展的情況下，為傣族上座部所帶來兩輪性質不同的衝擊，乃至所形成的生存處境。三，剖析雲南省西雙版納自治州上座部佛教僧團的基本現況。四，剖析雲南德宏傣族自治州上座部佛教的基本現況。

關鍵字

中國公共外交 ； 佛教公共外交 ； 雲南上座部 ； 傣族佛教

並列摘要

Since early 2010s, China's academic, religious and administrative authorities continuously argue that it is now time for China to carry out religious public diplomacy, with Buddhism as the tradition to be promoted. The idea is partially a response to China's national strategic plan to extend her political power and influence to Southeast Asia and West Asia. Under this context, China strongly articulates that the Tai Theravada Buddhism in Yunnan, which is geographically connected to northern part of Thailand and Burma, can serve as a tool of religious/ Buddhist public diplomacy to South East Asia countries, of China and for China. The present article is a critical response to the above argument. The revival of Tai Theravada Buddhism in 1980s in Yunnan will be examined against the background of the bargain between Tai's transnational ethnicity and China's authorities and her policy. The article is composed of four sections. Firstly, the argument for the so-called strategic implication derived from the Tai Theravada in Yunnan under China's southward national policy will be examined. Secondly, the powerful impact on the Tai communities of Yunnan by the political-social-ideological ＂reformation＂ in 1950-1970s and economic ＂reformation＂ since 1980's is discussed. The first part of the next two sections include a basic description of the current condition of the Tai Theravada monastic institution at Sipsong Panna, which is closely connected to Thai Samgha. Then there is a basic description of another Tai Theravada tradition at Dehong, which has extensive Burma background.

並列關鍵字

Buddhist Public Diplomacy ； Yunnan Theravada ； Tai Buddhism