論宋白（936-1012）〈宮詞〉百首的字詞運用及其文學意義

宮詞文體特點穩固，其詩題、詩體、形式、內容有一致傾向，此特點卻模糊了個別作家的字詞運用差異。由於宮詞涵蓋宮廷生活內外之習尚，研究採用杜正勝〈什麼是新社會史〉的分類標準，以較少研究者注意的北宋宋白〈宮詞〉（百首）為個案建立關鍵字庫，藉兩種數位人文工具標註用字頻率，探討它與宮詞始祖唐代王建〈宮詞〉（百首）以及稍後於宋白的王珪〈宮詞〉（百首）的字詞運用差異，從而評論這些作品的文學意義。據關鍵字庫及標註結果，宮詞的字詞運用有五項基本元素，包括地點、禮儀、日用、權力、藝文。宋白較常使用「宮X」或「X宮」的構詞虛指禁宮位置，密集運用「春X」的構詞寫帝皇恩澤和萬物滋長，此頌聖主旨與大雅正聲的宮廷詩有所交匯，本文指出宋白〈宮詞〉的文學意義在於確立自身傳統，其中單純意象的使用、日常化的宮壼描寫和人性化的敘事特點以及句末用景語收結是其作品表現閒雅含蓄的原因，是宋人宮詞清雅風格的先導。

關鍵字

宋白；王建；王珪；宮詞；數位人文

並列摘要

Palace Poetry is determined by its generic conventions distinctively in the use of poetic title, genre, form, and content. However, the use of language in palace poetry written by an individual poet may not be easily revealed due to the long-standing generic conventions. This paper will use the Palace Poetry of Song Bai (936-1012) as a case study to examine its use of language by using digital humanities methods. Adapted from the twelve social and cultural categories developed by Du Zheng-sheng, we first set up the words database of Song Bai's Palace Poetry that will further compare and contrast two other poets Wang Jian (768-835) and Wang Gui (1019-1085) by the application of DocuSky and Academia Sinica Digital Humanities Research Platform. This study discovers that palace poetry poets use common words specifically from the social and cultural categories of place, rituals, daily life, mandate, and arts. According to this generalisation, the digital humanities methods help us to analyse the composition of common words in a poetic line that constructs a unique poetic style, and by which, Song Bai's Palace Poetry represent the qingya (pure and elegance) style. It further demonstrates that the description of the everyday social life of palace ladies and the overtone of poetic closure are successfully constructed by Song Bai with the novel use of common words which contributes to the literary significance of the palace poetry writing tradition.

並列關鍵字

Song Bai ； Wang Jian ； Wang Gui ； Palace Poetry ； Digital Humanities Methods

參考文獻

杜正勝（1992）。什麼是新社會史。新史學，3(4)，95-116。doi:10.6756/NH.199212.0095

張興武（2007）。《慶曆聖德詩》與北宋中期政治文化的轉型。中華文史論叢，2007(1)，203-221, 351。doi:10.16837/j.cnki.1002-0039.2007.01.009

Egan, R. (2006). Huizong’s palace poems. In P. B. Ebrey & M. Bickford (Eds.), Emperor Huizong and late Northern Song China: The politics of culture and the culture of politics (chap. 9, pp. 361-394). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1tg5q4m.17

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論宋白（936-1012）〈宮詞〉百首的字詞運用及其文學意義

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