- 期刊
LONG AND SHORT PASSIVES IN ENGLISH SPEAKERS' L2 CHINESE
漢語作為二語中長短被動句之習得
摘要
This study investigates end-state mental grammars in L2 acquisition, testing between the Full Transfer/Full Access (FT/FA) hypothesis (Schwartz and Sprouse 1994, 1996) and the Interface hypothesis (Sorace and Filiaci 2006). The former proposes L1 transfer and input-driven L2 ultimate attainment; the latter argues against L1 transfer and suggests native non-native mental-grammar divergence is a result of mismatch between syntax and cognitive domains coordination. The results of a grammaticality judgment test show that the English speakers of advanced L2 Chinese develop grammatical representations that are target-like in performance in most cases, supporting the FT/FA hypothesis. However, it is also observed that the learners diverge from native speakers in disallowing the use of stative verbs in long and short passives in their L2 Chinese. This may suggest the learners have insufficient processing resources to coordinate between syntax and semantics learning, supporting the Interface hypothesis. Put together the stative verbs deficit and the target-like L2 performance in advanced learners' L2 grammars, the study coheres with Hawkins and Hattori (2006) and Kong (2011a, 2011b, 2012) that the apparent native-like performance may not be interpreted as the same as learners having acquired the underlying grammatical representations of native speakers.
並列摘要
這項研究在調查二語習得中最終型態的心理語法，且用以測試Schwartz和Sprouse (1994,1996)的完整性轉移／完全性接納(FT/FA)假設與Sorace和Filiaci(2006)的介面性假設。前者提倡母語轉移和輸入驅動中的二語最終成果；後者則反駁母語轉移，而是提出在英語為母語者的心理語法中句法與認知領域之間不協調的結論。語法判斷結果顯示進階漢語的英語學習者在大多情況下，展現出在行為上與目標語相似的語法表達，此證明FT/FA假設。然而，這也被觀察出在漢語學習上的長短被動句上不允許靜態動詞的使用，與母語者產生了分歧。這可能表明學習者在句法和語意學習上有著不足的現象，而此論點支持介面性假設。結合這兩點－靜態動詞匱乏與進階漢語學習者似目標語的二語表現－該研究與Hawkins和Hattori (2006)和Kong (2011a, 2011b, 2012)所提出的論點一致：顯著的母語似行為可能無法被解釋等同於學習者習獲母語底層語法的表達。