民國經懺佛教之省思與批判－青年星雲《無聲息的歌唱》的「人間佛教」觀

本文以青年星雲來臺初期(1949-1951)透過佛教法器法物為媒介，娓娓道出民國佛教弊病，後來並集結成書的《無聲息的歌唱》為中心，來探討民國經懺佛教之風。從時間點來看，本書所涉及諸多佛教弊病，應當是中國大陸時期的民國佛教。在改革（新）派的眼中，「經懺佛事」是必須反對的。明清時期業已經懺化、迷信化、神鬼化的中國佛教，其實已經成為社會大眾，尤其是知識份子所排拒的對象。民國延續清代經懺佛教，僧人太虛(1890-1947)於是提出人間佛教（人生佛教）以為對治，而太虛的人間佛教（人生佛教）思想，廣泛地影響了許多當時的青年僧，星雲法師就是其中一位。本文以青年星雲來臺最早期的著作《無聲息的歌唱》，一方面觀察民國時期經懺佛事的情況，一方面探討青年星雲面對經懺佛事，如何引發他的「人間佛教」觀。

關鍵字

星雲；民國；經懺；太虛；人間佛教

並列摘要

This article discusses the phenomenon of ritual Buddhism in China during the Republican period, particularly as it is addressed in Hsing Yun's Singing With Silence, an early book written during his first visit to Taiwan (1949-1951). He wrote this book on ritual implements and musical instruments to show the corruption of Buddhism during the Republican period in China. The present article is limited to the Republican period in mainland China. Reform-oriented Buddhists believed that a ritual-oriented Buddhism must be opposed. Ever since the Ming and Qing dynasties, Chinese Buddhism has increasingly emphasized repentance rites, superstition, and stories of ghosts, leading to criticism by society and intellectuals. This continued into the Republican period, when the monk Taixu (1890-1947) proposed Humanistic Buddhism as a solution. Many were influenced by Taixu's concept of Humanistic Buddhism, including Hsing Yun. On the one hand, this article examines the phenomenon of ritual Buddhism during the Republic of China, based on Hsing Yun's Singing with Silence. On the other hand, it discusses how Hsing Yun formed his concept of Humanistic Buddhism against the background of ritual Buddhism of that time.