醫院緊急災害管理機制之研究

The Research for Emergency Disasters Management Mechanism of Hospital

莊鎧溫(Kai-Wayne Chuang) ； 林健男(Chien-Nan Lin) ； 賴姿卉(Tzu-Jui Lai)

《經營管理論叢》 5卷2期 (2009/12) Pp. 79-94

https://doi.org/10.6872/OMR.200912_5(2).0019

摘要

緊急災害事件發生，在醫院和一般產業有不同的影響，醫院是一個公共場所也是小社區，生活在醫院除了工作人員，大部分是需要醫療照顧的患者，需要整體醫療系統正常運行才能確保患者安全，當緊急災害發生了，醫院可能是受害者，結果也許對患者是致命的。如同國家災害921南投集集大地震，醫療系統顯示它的動員搶救作用，然而在地震中竹山秀傳醫院大樓亦是受嚴重的損壞，醫院本身也是災害現場。2001年美國紐約911恐怖攻擊、2002年巴里島爆炸、2004年南亞大海嘯2005年Katrina颶風襲擊美國東南部海灣區域造成嚴重的傷亡和2008年台大醫院火災災害，許多災害是來自於自然和人為力量，因此醫院怎麼防止或減少災害，緊急災害管理非常重要。本研究利用戴明（Deming）PDCA循環，P計畫（Plan）、D執行（Do）、C查核（Check）及A處置（Action）四個程序構成一連串追求改善的行動，進一步由紮根理論方法（GTM grounded theory method）逐一連結構成「醫院緊急災害管理機制」的10個程序。本研究結果有助於醫院管理人員於制定緊急災害管理計畫之準備規劃（事前）、應變演練（事中）、演練應變檢討改善（事後），做為參考準則，提升醫院災害緊急應變能力及提供地方政府相關部門做為制定法規參考。

關鍵字

緊急災害管理 ； 災害防救 ； 災害應變中心

並列摘要

The emergency disaster event occurs differently influence in hospital and general industry, the hospital is not only a public place but also a small community, in the hospital most people are patients who need medical care besides operator, so it needs the complete medical system and normal operation to assure the patients safety. Otherwise when the emergency disaster occurs, the hospital possibly may be the victim. The result is perhaps dreadful to the patients. Such as the national disaster 921 Nantou Jiji big earthquakes, the medical system demonstrates its mobilization rescue function; however the hospital building was destroyed seriously in this earthquake. The hospital itself was the disaster scene. American New York 911 terrible attack in 2001, Bary island explosion in 2002, the South Asia big tsunami in 2004, the Katrina hurricane attacks the Southeastern United States bay area in 2005 and National Taiwan University Hospital 2009 fire disaster, caused many disasters result by the nature and artificial strength. Therefore it is very important for hospital to prevent or reduce disaster and to practice emergency disaster response. This research develops a management system by Deming's PDCA circulation, -Plan, Do, Checks and Action -four procedures, management mechanism flow and the request. Further, the grounded theory method is used to links one by one constitutes the hospital emergency disasters management framework of the 10 procedures. The result is helpful to the emergency disaster plan of the hospital management. It can be the reference criterion, can promote the hospital emergency disaster response capability and provide the local government related department to make laws and regulations.

並列關鍵字

Emergemcy Disasters Management ； Disaster Rescue and Prevention ； Emergemcy Disasters Response Center