大躍進運動中的「大辦民兵師」

毛澤東在「大躍進」時期以「美英帝國主義」欺壓、「國民黨特務侵略」，及實現人民戰爭思想、推行人民公社化運動等內外在因素，要求全國「大辦民兵師」，不僅否定彭德懷的民兵結合預備役及學習蘇聯軍事之主張，並產生地方浮誇數據、勞武合一困難、圍事助力變基層暴力、指揮體系紊亂…，致「政社合一」組織也隨之潰敗。中共於1962年恢復民兵軍事訓練、至1984年隨人民公社化運動結束，期間不復見「大辦民兵師」，應是毛避提大躍進失敗的其一表現。

關鍵字

大躍進運動；大辦民兵師；人民戰爭；全民皆兵；人民公社

並列摘要

During the Great Leap Forward period, Mao Zedong commanded the nationwide ＂Big Way Militia Division＂ due to internal and external factors, such as oppression of ＂the US and British imperialism＂, ＂intrusion of Kuomintang secret agents＂, realization of people's war, and implementation of people's commune. Mao's decision not only denied Peng Dehuai's claims to combine militia with the military reserve and to learn from the military of the Soviet Union, but also gave rise to exaggerated local data, difficulties in integrating labor with military, turning ＂helping around＂ into ＂grassroots violence＂, and disorderly command systems, etc. Subsequently, the organizations aiming at ＂integrating government administration with commune management＂ also collapsed. The Communist Party of China resumed militia military training in 1962, and ended in 1984 along with the People's Commune Movement. The absence of the ＂Big Way Militia Division＂ during this period might be considered one of the manifestations for Mao's avoiding mentioning the failure of Great Leap Forward Movement.