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大躍進運動中的「大辦民兵師」

Study on the "Big Way Militia Division" during the Great Leap Forward Movement

摘要


毛澤東在「大躍進」時期以「美英帝國主義」欺壓、「國民黨特務侵略」,及實現人民戰爭思想、推行人民公社化運動等內外在因素,要求全國「大辦民兵師」,不僅否定彭德懷的民兵結合預備役及學習蘇聯軍事之主張,並產生地方浮誇數據、勞武合一困難、圍事助力變基層暴力、指揮體系紊亂…,致「政社合一」組織也隨之潰敗。中共於1962年恢復民兵軍事訓練、至1984年隨人民公社化運動結束,期間不復見「大辦民兵師」,應是毛避提大躍進失敗的其一表現。

並列摘要


During the Great Leap Forward period, Mao Zedong commanded the nationwide "Big Way Militia Division" due to internal and external factors, such as oppression of "the US and British imperialism", "intrusion of Kuomintang secret agents", realization of people's war, and implementation of people's commune. Mao's decision not only denied Peng Dehuai's claims to combine militia with the military reserve and to learn from the military of the Soviet Union, but also gave rise to exaggerated local data, difficulties in integrating labor with military, turning "helping around" into "grassroots violence", and disorderly command systems, etc. Subsequently, the organizations aiming at "integrating government administration with commune management" also collapsed. The Communist Party of China resumed militia military training in 1962, and ended in 1984 along with the People's Commune Movement. The absence of the "Big Way Militia Division" during this period might be considered one of the manifestations for Mao's avoiding mentioning the failure of Great Leap Forward Movement.

參考文獻


中共中央文獻研究室、中國人民解放軍軍事科學院編,1993。《毛澤東軍事文集(第6卷)》。北京:軍事科學出版社。
中共中央文獻研究室、中國人民解放軍軍事科學院編,2010。《建國以來毛澤東軍事文稿(中卷1952年1月─1958年12月)》。北京:軍事科學出版社。
中共中央軍事委員會,1987。《關於新時期軍隊政治工作的決定注釋本》。北京:解放軍出版社。
中共湖南省委宣傳部出版社,1978。《華主席率領我們大辦民兵:湖南民兵革命鬥爭故事集》。湖南:湖南人民出版社。
中國人民解放軍軍事科學院軍事歷史研究部、軍事圖書館等編著,2000。《中國人民解放軍全史(第一冊)》。北京:軍事科學出版社。

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