- 期刊
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農業灌溉用水調配評估與規劃－以金門為例
Assessment and Planning of Water Allocation for Agricultural Irrigation-A Case Study of Kinmen
摘要
台灣的農業發展蓬勃，已於本島各地建立起良善的灌溉管理制度，並由農田水利署所屬管理處負責管理。然而，金門地區長久以來缺乏相應的管理單位來負責灌溉規劃與建設維護，導致當地多數農田仰賴天然降雨來耕作，而該耕作方式易受氣候變遷影響，如近年降雨量極端，高粱產量呈下降趨勢。為了解決該問題，政府預計使用民生回收水作為灌溉的補充來源。本研究於該背景下，規劃一套灌溉配水模式來利用有限的水資源，並期望能夠於金門地區建立起灌溉配水計畫。本研究模擬當地高粱與小麥輪作方式，在考量土壤、作物、歷史氣象等資料下，計算產量在不同灌溉計畫設置下的變化。我們挑選不同年份的氣象資料作為模擬情境，測試灌溉計畫在不同的氣候條件下帶來的效益。最後，依照模擬結果並考量成本等因素，擬定出一份能夠給當地農民實行的灌溉配水計畫。本研究選擇金門一處位於金沙鎮的100公頃示範區作為研究區域，並以榮湖水資源回收中心每日提供的750噸回收水作為灌溉水來源。根據不同情境與灌溉計畫所模擬出的產量，建議於平均年及枯水年分別實施間隔兩周及三周的灌溉計畫，以達到最大效益。本研究後續將於該示範區試行灌溉配水計畫，驗證模擬產量的同時也期望以此作為起點，推行系統化的灌溉配水計畫至金門的其他區域。
並列摘要
Agricultural development in Taiwan is thriving. Throughout the island, comprehensive irrigation management systems have been established, overseen by the management offices under Irrigation Agency. However, the Kinmen region has long suffered from the absence of a corresponding management unit responsible for irrigation planning and infrastructure maintenance, resulting in the majority of local farmlands relying on natural rainfall for cultivation. Unfortunately, this method is highly susceptible to the impacts of climate change. In recent years, with extreme fluctuations in precipitation, there has been a downward trend observed in the yield of sorghum. To address this pressing issue, the government plans to utilize reclaimed water from domestic sources as a supplementary irrigation resource. Within this context, this study aims to devise an irrigation water allocation model to optimally harness the limited water resources, with the ultimate aspiration of establishing a robust irrigation and water allocation plan for the Kinmen region. In this study, we simulate the crop rotation of local sorghum and wheat, considering soil, crop, and historical meteorological data. We calculate the variations in crop yield under different irrigation schemes. Additionally, we select meteorological data from different years as simulation scenarios to test the benefits of the irrigation plan under various climatic conditions. Finally, based on the simulation results, as well as considering factors such as cost, we will formulate an irrigation water allocation plan that can be practically implemented by local farmers. For this study, we have chosen a 100-hectare demonstration area located in Jinsha Town, Kinmen, as our study area. We will utilize 750 tons of reclaimed water provided daily by the Ronghu Water Resources Recycling Center as the irrigation water source. According to the simulated yields under different scenarios and irrigation plans, it is recommended to implement irrigation plans with intervals of two weeks and three weeks during average years and dry years, respectively, to achieve maximum efficiency. Subsequently, this study will implement the irrigation water allocation plan in the designated demonstration area. The aim is to validate the simulated yields and, simultaneously, to use this initiative as a starting point for the systematic implementation of irrigation water allocation plans in other regions of Kinmen.