東海大學早期實施的通才教育及其啟示

General Education at Tunghai University (1955-1971) and Its Implications

陳舜芬(Shun-Fen Chen)

《通識教育季刊》 7卷2&3期 (2000/09) Pp. 5-46

https://doi.org/10.6745/JGE.200009_7(2_3).0002

摘要

東海大學成立於1955年，是臺灣地區第一所新設的和立大學。該校設校理想是一所小而精緻的大學，學生人數在千人以內，師生全體住校，注重勞作教育與通才教育。該校在創校之初的十六年間一直維持通才教育與專才教育並重的制度。惟自一九七○年代初期起，因各種因素的影響，該校採取積極擴張的政策，原先小而精緻的特色迅速消失，通才教育亦告停頓。這是臺灣第一所實施通才教育（即通識教育）的大學。
本文採取文獻分析、面對面訪問等方式，深入探討東海大學當年實施通才教育之背景與經過、校友們對通才教育的看法，並分析該校通才教育興衰之因素，最後提出東海經驗對後人的啟示。

關鍵字

通才教育 ； 通識教育 ； 大學課程 ； 高等教育

並列摘要

Tunghai University, the first private university founded in Taiwan, opened in 1955. The objective of this university at that time was to be a small liberal arts college with a student enrollment less than one thousand. All its faculty members and students were required to live on campus. Labor education and general education were adopted in its educational program. During the first sixteen years after its opening, both general education and specialized education were required for each student. Beginning in the early 1970s, Tunghai changed its policy to expand the enrollment substantially due to various factors. The characteristics of a small liberal arts college soon diminished. The general education program was deleted also. Nevertheless, Tunghai was the first university in Taiwan to implement a general education program.
This study, through literature review and face-to-face interviews, explores the background and process of implementing general education at Tunghai and attempts to integrate its alumni's viewpoints regarding general education. The factors relating to the success and failure of general education are then analyzed. Implications of Tunghai's experience are presented at the end of paper.

並列關鍵字

general education ； college curriculum ； higher education