“橋”對安寧病患的象徵意義

The Metaphoric Meanings of Bridge to Clients under Hospice Care

倪傳芬(Chung-Fang Ni) ； 王英偉(Ying-Wei Wang)

《安寧療護雜誌》 6卷3期 (2001/08) Pp. 1-15

https://doi.org/10.6537/TJHPC.2001.6(3).1

摘要

在藝術治療中畫橋具有治療象徵。基於安寧病患的藝術治療研究大抵以個案研究方法做個別性的潛意識想法探索，缺乏運用隱喻象徵物的治療模式與對此歷程的了解，而期望藉由初探性的質性研究，探討東台灣的17位住院安寧病患於引導心像與畫「橋」象徵物的創作體驗。此藝術治療主題為「心中的橋」，個案經由引導想像後畫出「心中的橋」。分析發現以下三類：一、橋對瀕死患者的象徵意義：是由生命過渡到死亡的工具、溝通兩地或連接疾病與治癒的工具、人生經驗的一部份。二、個案無法蓋出「心中的橋」的相關感受有對死後的不確定感、對死亡的恐懼、生理因素，如疼痛。三、畫面構成的七個向度因對死亡感受不同而有不同呈現：橋的方向、材質、形狀、橋下水流、畫面視角、橋近端及遠端內容及圖畫強調的部分。若個案能坦然面對自己的死亡、減輕死亡焦慮，則在引導心像及畫橋的創作中可描繪橋，並甚至能渡到河的對岸。此藝術治療的工具提供了個案抒發情緒、改善疼痛症狀，並協助安寧工作團隊觀察及了解個案對死亡感受與接受度。

並列摘要

Bridge drawing can be used as therapeutic and symbolic metaphors. However, little therapeutic metaphor was applied as an art therapy model for clients suffering from terminal illness. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of guided imagery and bridge drawing as a therapeutic metaphor during one of individual art therapy sessions. Qualitative paradigm was selected. 17 adult residents of a hospice unit in eastern Taiwan participated in this research. After guided imagery, they drew their own bridges. Through analyzing process recording and drawings, three major themes are provided: (1) Symbolic meanings of bridges are transition from life to death, a tool for communication and association with clients' past experiences. (2) Correlative feelings of being incapable to visualize or to draw a bridge indicate the clients' uncertainty about death, fear of death and physical pain. (3) Various contents of drawings exist because of clients' different sense of death. 7 mainly variables are found in their pictures: directionality, bridge construction, type of bridge depicted, waters under the bridge, vantage point of the drawer, places drawn on either ends of the bridge and emphasis by elaboration.
The clients drew their own bridges or even went over it when they could face their destinies of death. This non-threatening art therapy tool provided a way for clients to express feelings as well as to reduce pain. It also helped hospice team members to understand clients' attitudes toward death.

並列關鍵字

hospice ； art therapy ； metaphor ； guided imagery ； bridge drawing