臺灣殯葬業者的違法行為研究

本研究主要目的是瞭解殯葬業違法問題樣態與成因。在台灣，因此議題尚未被研究過，故本研究自我定位為探索性研究。研究以深度訪談方式，訪問了八名曾經親身處理親人後事之民眾，並以滾雪球方式，訪談四位業者，以及五位政府相關人員，如警察、議員、官員、公務員等。經過整理、分析訪談資料後，本研究發現殯葬業者共有十一種可能的違法或在法律邊緣的行為，前者樣態包括七種：二手花詐欺問題、醫院與業者綁標問題、業者協助濫開死亡證明問題、殯儀館與殯葬業者收取紅包問題、業者與警消單位的「互助關係」、業者未遵照契約內容處理無家屬之民眾或榮民後事、違法燃燒庫錢問題；後者共有四類：業者逃避生前契約規範問題、大型醫院與業者的「聯合服務」問題、業者與民間救護車合而為一問題，以及警方、養老中心與業者的「共存關係」。造成殯葬業違法行為的共犯結構包括醫生、民間救護車、醫院、安養中心、榮家、警察、119值勤人員殯儀館工作人員、花店與家屬。本研究認為被害者促發、業者違法次文化、厚葬文化、未遵守市場供需法則、行業無規範可以用來解釋殯葬業及其共犯結構形成的因素。本文最後也提出改善殯葬業違法問題之建議。

關鍵字

殯葬業；違法問題；違法行為

並列摘要

The present research was designed to explore the crime and its social/cultural constructions in funeral business. It also attempted to explain how the crime network was built up in the business. By using the snowball sampling method, the research interviewed 8 people who have taken care of their family members' funeral matters, 4 funeral workers/employers and 5 related public servants to discover the possible crime networking in funeral business. There were 11 types of crime can be found in the funeral business. A tentative analytical framework was proposed to explain the crime networking in the funeral business: victim-facilitated theory, criminal subculture, traditional culture of ”last-treat to the death”, outbalance of supply and demand market principle, and anomie. Suggestions to rule and regulate the business were also be made at the end of the research.