警察在少年犯罪防治工作的角色與態度～以嘉義市為例

近來政府逐漸重視青少年犯罪問題，並陸陸續續在各縣市警察局成立少年警察隊，然礙於實際地方財政困難、專業人才匱乏等問題，致大部分青少年犯罪問題仍由第一線派出所員警處理，所以如何建構警察基本認知與處理觀念亦是非常重要的。本研究從接觸、處理及輔導少年偏差或犯罪行為之不同群組（含警察、學校老師、社區民眾以及專家學者）進行基礎性質的探討，探究警察角色定位、處理問題應有的態度認知與少年犯罪成因等等。研究結果發現，警察人員在少年犯罪防治工作上仍應持續加強，不管在訓輔老師、專家及社區民眾對警察之期望均遠高於現行執行成果，應重視其反應意見與問題，以提供警察在實務工作應有作為，並自我調整工作角色扮演與步調。再者，分析發現警察在少年犯罪防治工作中理想角色順序首重『處理工作』角色、其後依序為『預防工作』角色、『基本原則』及『轉介輔導通報工作』角色；在實際運作角色扮演上，依序為『處理工作』、『預防工作』、『轉介輔導通報工作』與『基本原則』角色，兩者略有不同。在處理少年事件觀點方面，皆傾向以「犯罪控制觀」為手段，其中「社區民眾」最為贊成，警察次之；而專家卻持較中庸的意見，認為在面對少年犯罪問題的處理方式應多方面考量，以期能根治少年犯罪問題；另在犯罪成因觀點上大多傾向為「整合理論學說」。本研究透過「問題導向」方式，初探警政在少年犯罪工作上角色扮演的對策，提出相關重點工作方向與建議，期供警政與相關單位參考。

關鍵字

少年犯罪；少年不良行爲；少年虞犯；角色期望與實踐；警察處理觀

並列摘要

Although the government has set up juvenile police teams in many counties, local policemen still handle the problems first hand. As a result, it is very important to build their correct cognition and attitude in juvenile delinquency prevention. In this study we surveyed the opinions of policemen, teachers, community civilians and expert scholars regarding the point mentioned above. We found that all of them expect the police to put more effort than they do. They should think well of the problems and suggestions to their behavior of job. After analyzing the police role in ”perfect work” data, we found the ”handling tasks” was most important, while ”preventing tasks”, ”basic principles”, and ”transferring and informing tasks” ranked 2(superscript nd) 3(superscript rd) and 4(superscript th) in terms of importance. But there were some differences in ”practical work” in handling juvenile affairs, we found all of them think ”handling tasks” was priority, then followed ”preventing task”, ”transferring and informing tasks” and ”basic principles”. As to the point of view in handling juvenile affairs, the ”community civilians” favored to take ”crime controlling” ways, and then is the police. But the experts and scholars hold we should consider different way in doing with juvenile delinquency. As to the reason of crime, most of them support the 「crime integration theory」. With ”problem orientation” study, we hope to give the policing authorities some suggestions about police role in juvenile delinquency prevention.