明人書齋的命名、格局與佈置

齋有古意，人有古風。爲書齋取雅名別號，是歷代文人雅士普遍皆有的文化行爲，藉由書齋之內的讀書、論學、鑑賞、創作、清言等文化活動，提昇文人內在的精神與心靈涵養。書齋雅號都有其特定的寓意，或明志以自勉，或擷趣以寄情，題意雖各有千秋，卻都能反映出文人內在的情趣志行與外在的理念追求，由書齋之雅趣而延展至生活的典雅，可謂文人最終的旨趣所在。本文分爲：前言、書齋的命名、書齋的外部環境、書齋的內在佈置、結語等五部分來探索明人書齋生活的多采面貌。傳統中國文人之所以崇尚風雅，自然是知識階層自詡孤傲反俗的性格使然，也反映在周遭事物上。對於居住的室、堂、軒、居、廬、樓、館、齋、閣等建築名稱所賦予之稱呼，不僅可以從中看出主人的心志與理想，有時亦能感染到主人的性格特質。而書齋成爲文人寄託閒情逸趣的空間，無論是典雅豪華的高堂，還是簡陋窄小的斗室，都寄託著書齋主人的理想，自始至終營造著獨具魅力的一片文化天地。本文欲窺探書齋署名的緣由，以及書齋的外部環境與內在佈置，主要是藉以說明書齋命名的背後所隱含明代文人內心性格與理想抱負；其次再分別探究書齋的內外整體規劃與設計，透過書籍、圖畫、文玩、家具等等的排列，襯托出文人內在的思緒與情感。明代文人對書齋的命名，多少透露出書齋主人寄託自己的情懷，又富有生活的氣息，及遠大抱負理想，有時在其書齋悠閒生活中，也常帶有一股與世無爭的尊嚴，亦不難看出當時文人多彩多姿的讀書生活。書齋生活是一種文化，而考察書齋生活，不僅僅在於探尋來龍去脈，亦可探知其背後深藏中國古代文人的讀書心路和深厚的人文精神。這是一個很有意義且值得探究的議題，其精神與典故對時下學子皆有所啟發。

關鍵字

明代；文人；書齋；生活；讀書；佈置；格局

並列摘要

Giving a name for the reading room is a cultural behavior of the scholars for centuries. The name have specific meanings such as encouragement or emotional expression. Although the purposes are various, it reflects the ambitions and ideals which the scholar desired. The substance is to get pleasure and knowledge from the reading room which the scholars do cultural activities as reading, discussing, appreciating, and writing. This text discovered the scholars' lives in the reading rooms in the Ming Dynasty with five parts, including Introduction, Naming the Reading Room, The Environment of The Reading Room, The Furnishings in the Reading Room, and Conclusion. It is because the clerisy-narcissism that made the ancient Chinese scholars uphold elegance. It also reflects on things around them. The name of the rooms and buildings shows one's ideals and personality whether a luxury hall or a simple room. It also created a cultural place have special charms. The text discovered the origin of the reading room's name and environment. By doning so, we found out the personalities and ambitions of the scholars in the Ming Dynasty. Then we saw the thoughts and emotions by the arrangement of the books, paintings, toys, and furniture. In sum, the name of the reading room express the owner's feelings, living pleasures, great ambitions, and sometimes dignity stand aloof from the worldly affairs. Not only well-rounded reading lives, but also enlightened students nowadays. It is culture, researching on the reading lives is to find out not only the historical origins but also the ancient Chinese human spirits. It is a topic that deserve to be discussed.