- 期刊
人民與國家“身分連結”的法制詮要與法理探索：兼論台灣人國籍的起承斷續問題
Legal Analysis of the "Status-Connection" between the People and State: And Focus on the Problems about the Nationality of the Taiwanese
摘要
憲法人權保障及憲政改革運動，相依相隨，其中「公民權」的建構與實踐，尤具舉足輕重的地位。而公民權體系的開展，恆建立在國家與人民的「身分連結」關係上，此一連結關係則又牽涉「國民」概念的界定與取得問題。環顧當今各國法制，「國籍」是區辨「國民」身分最重要的符碼之一，構成人民與國家之間的鈕帶關係，爲國家與人民身分連結的普遍制度。不過，此種鈕帶關係究竟基於何種「理據」而得以建立？卻未必明晰而毫無爭議，其不僅牽涉法律制度的採擇問題，抑且是國家理論，乃至於憲法人權學理所應關心、探討的重要課題。確切的說，所謂「國籍」的法制內涵爲何？國籍法所建立的「國―民」身分連結，究係出於法律的創設？抑或在法制的背後隱含著某種法理上的預設？以上是作者撰述本文的動機，也是本文關切的核心問題。在方法及層次上，本文採取「先法律，後法理」、「從現在向過去」的論述取徑，先觀照現行法有關「國籍」、「戶籍」的界定方式，並旁及「居留」等法制上規定，同時釐析其解釋、適用上的實務相關問題。再進一步作法律史上的追溯，詳究法制遞變的過程與所由根源，俾以進行人民與國家身分連結的法理上探索，進而處理台灣人國籍的起承斷續問題，最後再歸結簡述與此相伴相生的身分認同、主權認知與公民意識等課題。
並列摘要
The protection of constitutional human right and the Constitutional reform are highly correlated, among which the construction and implement of the citizenship plays a pre-eminent role in particular. Besides, the inauguration of the citizenship system is based on the status-connection between the state and people, and further involves the definition of the concept of citizen and its acquisition. In the light of the other legal systems, ”nationality” is the most significant symbol to identify a citizen, and an universal system of status-connection between the state and the people. However, what is the rationale on which this hinge relation bases? Concisely speaking, what is the genuine meaning of so called ”nationality”? Is the status-connection created by the law per se? Or are there some pre-exist rationales behind these legal norms? The aforesaid issues are the core problems that this article focuses on. This article, in structure is constituted from nowadays to past, and legal norms before nomological. It refers to present effective laws to find out the distinctions within nationality, residential registration, and foreign resident to reach to the definition in practical matters and explanation. Furthermore, this article is also bodied with the historical track to study the reasons of producing those laws and progression, and with the study to research the nomological relation between the people and the state to deal with the evolution of the nationality of Taiwanese. Finally, it sums up with the correlate topics arising from the problem of nationality, such as the national identity, sovereignty of state, and citizen consciousness.