2013年憲法發展回顧

Developments in the Law in 2013: Constitutional Law

許宗力(Tzong-Li Hsu)

《臺大法學論叢》 43卷S期 (2014/11) Pp. 1031-1074

https://doi.org/10.6199/NTULJ.2014.43.SP.05

摘要

本文以司法院大法官解釋、重要立法與重大之憲政事件觀察2013年之憲法發展。2013年大法官僅作成九號解釋，全數為人民聲請之憲法解釋，且並無政府體制爭議。本文針對釋字第708、709、710、711、712號解釋略作個別分析。2013年可說是延續興盛之公民運動、「風起雲湧」的一年，從核四公投爭議、兩岸服貿協議之簽訂、大埔徵收事件之風波、到引發25萬人上街的洪仲丘事件推動了軍審法之修正，而雖然有諸多改革之司法院大法官審理案件法修正草案已經送進立法院，但由於9月政爭之發生，尚未完成修法。另外，政爭也連帶了倒閣案的提起。整體而言，2013年之憲法發展可以看出憲政體制的問題已然浮現，然而可以處理的機制尚不明確，隱憂繼續存在。

關鍵字

適足居住權 ； 收養自由 ； 都市更新 ； 不分區立委 ； 自由委任

並列摘要

This study focused on the interpretations from the Judicial Yuan, the significant legislature, and critical constitutional events to observe the development of constitution of the year 2013. In 2013, there were only nine interpretations made. All of the interpretations were claimed by people and there was no one about government structure or check and balance issues. This study would briefly look into some important interpretations. The year 2013 was one blossomed with flourishing civil movements and quite surging since there were the referendum issue on nuclear power plant, signature of Cross-Strait Agreement on Trade in Services, the dispute of Da-pu expropriation, and the soldier Hung's death evoking a demonstration by 250 thousands Taiwanese and the amendment of Code of Court Martial Procedure. Although the draft of the amendment of Constitutional Interpretation Procedure Act has been sent into the Legislative Yuan, the political struggle between the President Ma and the head of the Legislative Yuan, Wang, in September slowed it down. Also, the struggle triggered the no-confidence vote. Above all, the development of the constitution in 2013 shows the troubles of our constitutional system; however, we haven't seen the mechanism that may solve them, and the worries remain.

並列關鍵字

Right to an adequate standard of living ； Freedom of adoption ； Urban renewal ； Congressmen represent National Sector ； Free mandate

參考文獻

司法院大法官統計資料，http://www.judicial.gov.tw/constitutionalcourt/p05.asp（最後瀏覽日：04/09/2014）

中華民國醫師公會全國聯合會聲明，http://www.tma.tw/meeting/meeting_01_info.asp?meete_id=5135 （ 最後瀏覽日：06/02/2014）

司法院釋字第711號解釋陳敏大法官提出，林錫堯大法官、池啟明大法官、蔡清遊大法官、黃璽君大法官加入之部分不同意見書

司法院釋字第711號解釋湯德宗大法官協同意見書

司法院釋字第712號解釋理由書