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當外省人遇到台灣女性:戰後台灣報刊中的女性論述(1945-1949)

When Mainlanders Met Taiwanese Women: Female Discourses in Postwar Taiwanese Newspapers and Magazines, 1945-1949

摘要


戰後台灣史的研究不是集中在二二八事件,便是以泛政治化的概念探討這時期的各種問題,甚至認為戰後的言論充滿中國化、去日本化的色彩,但透過公共空間中的女性論述重新去省思這些論斷,卻有不同的答案。本文取材戰後在台灣發行的24種報刊,並以當時頗受輿論界矚目的台灣女性形象隊及娼妓、女傭、婚姻等問題進行研究,發現這時期的媒體提供女性寬闊的發言空間,同時不管是標榜站在民眾立場的報刊,或是具有官方、黨派色彩的報刊,都未排除異質的盲論,儘管有的論述缺乏交集,彼此的對話又不時陷入失焦的情境,但有些話題在反覆討論下呈現實像。雖然經由媒體再現或設計的言論,不可能完全貼近真實,然而如果不同性質或時間的報刊對某一議題產生相似的說法,也曾形成交叉論辯,這樣的言論還是能反映社會的部份真實情境。更重要的是,這些議題所浮現的多元面向,不僅顯現戰後的台灣有國家認同問題,還有性別、權力、階級、族群、文化與地域等交錯的複雜關係,許多問題不只出現在台灣人與外省人之中,也一樣表現在外省人與外省人之間。因此本文從女性論述中的多重認同問題,看見了性別、階級、權力關係的變化不定,也觀察到族群、國家、文化或地域認同在這時期固然出現裂痕,卻也在相互交涉、調適著。

並列摘要


Studies of postwar Taiwan history primarily focus on the issue of the February 28(superscript th) incident or use political lenses to examine various questions. Furthermore, much historical work is shaped by ”Chinese-ification” (中國化) and de-Japanization notions. However, if this history is re-examined through female discourses in the public space, new aspects of postwar Taiwan are revealed. This paper obtained materials from twenty-four newspapers and magazines published in postwar Taiwan to examine such controversial problems as the images of Taiwanese women, prostitution, maids, and marriage. This article concludes that the media in postwar Taiwan provided women with an extensive space for voicing opinions. Whether they adopted a more official or a more popular stance, newspapers and magazines accommodated heterogeneous discourses. Though the discourses published in these media often lacked a common point of view and were often unfocused, repeated discussions gave these topics real substance. However, although the discourses formed by media representation and design could not fully reflect social reality, intersecting discussions emerged when newspapers and magazines of different types or time periods generated similar viewpoints on the same issue, and therefore partially reflected social reality. More importantly, the diverse aspects of these issues revealed not only aspects of the national identity problem in postwar Taiwan, but also interlocking relationships of gender, power, ethnicity, culture, and region. Many problems arose not only between native Taiwanese and Mainlanders (wai-sheng-ren, 外省人) but also among Mainlanders themselves. Therefore, this paper delineates the unstable transformations in relationships among gender, class, and power through the various identity questions in female discourse, concluding that although distinct ethnic, national, cultural, and regional identities emerged, these different identities were simultaneously negotiating and adapting to each other.

參考文獻


呂芳上(1995)。另一種「偽組織」:抗戰時期婚姻與家庭問題初探。近代中國婦女史研究。3,97-121。
(1948)。辭海
(1927)。婦女雜誌
大公報
(1946)。臺灣婦女=Taiwan Women

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