滿洲水稻獎勵品種的普及、出貨和分配－以日本資料所進行之考察

本文以日本資料為基礎，對1914年到1945年間，日本人在滿洲進行的種子分配事業及稻穀的出貨、分配進行分析。十九世紀，朝鮮人農民將朝鮮在來種帶入滿洲進行栽培。南滿洲鐵道株式會社農事試驗場的日本人技師們將日本種從日本帶入滿洲。他們將日本種擴大栽培進行研發，並將培育出的「改良種」分發給附近的農民。不過只是小規模的分發。1932年「滿洲國」建國後，滿洲漸漸地成為日本的糧食基地。1940年，政府成立獎勵品種決定委員會，定出推廣品種。在滿洲被定為推廣品種的日本種及「改良種」的價格較高。在各地組織成立的興農合作社不僅對農民進行農業技術指導，並對收穫後的共同販賣進行推進。大米由於分配制度，大多分發給軍隊及都市、開拓村的住民。分配量按照民族、財產數量的多寡進行分配，日本人得到的分配量最多，此事實皆記載在極密資料中。

關鍵字

日本種；朝鮮在來種；農事試驗場；苗圃；品種等級

並列摘要

This paper investigates the Japan-authorized seed distribution and its product shipments from 1914 to 1945 in Manchuria using the Japanese materials. At the end of 19th century, Korean farmers brought their traditional seeds into Manchuria for cultivation. Japanese engineers of South Manchuria Railways Company (南滿洲鐵道株式會社) brought their Japanese-origin seeds for the experiment. They produced, improved, and distributed the seeds to the adjacent farmers although it was implemented on a small-scale. After Manchukuo (滿洲國) was founded in 1932, it became the Japan's food facility. In 1940, a Manchukuo established ＂Seed Promotional Committee＂ (農作物獎勵品種決定委員會) and informed farmers of the selected promotional seeds. The seeds promoted by the Manchukuo became more expensive than the Korea’s traditional seeds. The Joint Agricultural Corporation organized in several areas of Manchuria offered the agricultural guidance and conducted the joint shipment. The rice was primarily distributed to military, Japanese residents, their farmers in city. The mount of supply was determined by the ethnic group and property, which was written by the organization’s highly confidential document.