學齡前兒童自律活動之養成研究

Development of Self-Discipline Activity for Preschool Children

蔡彥達(Yen-Ta Tsai) ； 賴世烱(Shih-Chiung Lai) ； 尤秀綾(Hsiu-Ling Yu)

《幼兒教育年刊》 30期 (2019/12) Pp. 101-117

摘要

本研究以Kohlberg道德發展階段論和Adler人生原型理論〈人生風格〉為基礎，設定以下二個研究目的：1.瞭解學齡前兒童潛在的自律活動之行為，及2.探討自律活動對學齡前兒童身體活動量之影響。方法：4-6歲混齡之學齡前兒童87名為實驗參加者，將其設定為A組〈跑步組，N=29〉、B組〈繪本跑步組，N=30〉、C組〈對照組，N=28〉。研究工具包括CATIGA電子計步器〈T-92型〉，記錄基準週及第2、4、6、8週之身體活動量〈即跑步步數〉。所蒐集資料以共變數分析（ANCOVA）以及混合設計二因子變異數分析（mixed-designed two-way ANOVA）來檢驗各組學齡前兒童之自律行為，並進一步探討自律活動對其身體活動量之影響。結果：1.A組跑步步數由737.8步上升至1431.8步；B組由704.2步上升至1088.8步，二組皆有上升趨勢；C組則無顯著差異。2.A、B組〈自律養成組〉所測得之身體活動量進步率均優於C組〈對照組〉。結論：1.學齡前兒童具有不同程度之自律活動行為，及2.自律活動能提升學齡前兒童之身體活動量。

關鍵字

學齡前兒童 ； 自律活動 ； 科爾伯格（Kohlberg） ； 阿德勒（Adler） ； 計步器

並列摘要

Based on Kohlberg's stages of moral development and Alder's theory of life prototype (the style of life), the aims of the current study were 1) to understand the potential self-discipline behavior of preschool children, and 2) to investigate the impact of self-discipline behavior on the physical activity of preschool children. Eighty-seven kindergarten children (4-6 years old) from Taipei city participated in the study. They were assigned to three groups: group A (running group, n = 29), group B (picture book and running group, n =30), and group C (control group, n = 28). With the recording of the CATIGA electronic pedometer (T-92), we measured children's amounts of physical activity (i.e. running steps) in the baseline, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th weeks. The collected data were analyzed via the ANCOVA and the 2 (groups) by 5 (weeks) mixed-designed two-way ANOVA. All statistical difference levels were at α = .05. Results: 1. The running steps changed from 737.8 steps to 1431.8 steps and from 704.2 to 1088.8 steps for group A and group B, respectively; there showed non-significant differences in group C's steps. 2. The rate of improvement in physical activity measured in groups A and B (self-discipline group) were better than group C (control group). Conclusions: 1. Preschool children have different levels of self-discipline behavior. 2. Self-discipline activity improves the physical activity of the preschool children.

並列關鍵字

preschool children ； self-discipline activity ； Kohlberg ； Adler ； pedometer

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