論〈燭之武退秦師〉篇名造成的觀點限制

Restriction of Perception Caused by Name of 〈Zhu Zhiwu retreat from Qin's army〉

蘇家弘(Chia-Hung Su)

《育達科大學報》 46期 (2018/06) Pp. 1-16

摘要

〈燭之武退秦師〉為《左傳》中的重要篇章，歷來論者對燭之武遊說秦伯之言辭多所讚賞。惟本段史實受限於篇名及文章範圍，易讓讀者誤以為燭之武主導全局、勸退秦師，而忽略在晉、秦圍鄭的事件中，鄭國危機雖因燭之武夜見秦伯暫告化解，然秦國卻在兩年後以留鄭守將為內應，不遠千里越晉襲鄭。原來燭之武遊說秦伯後，真正撤軍的是晉國，秦國則是假撤軍之名、欲行奪鄭之實。本文以為倘若秦師撤退與燭之武的說辭無涉，即應深究秦穆公何以輕易撤軍？以及與晉國轉友為敵之真正原因，而非僅侷限在燭之武遊說秦伯的遣詞用字等外交辭令之上。

關鍵字

春秋 ； 左傳 ； 燭之武 ； 退秦師 ； 秦穆公

並列摘要

Zhu Zhiwu retreated from the Qin's army, as the most important chapter in Zuo Zhuan, traditionally, the words of Zhu Zhiwu persuading Qin Bo were praised by the scholars. Only zheng was besieged by Jin and QIn, Zheng's crisis was resolved by Zhu Zhiwu who went and persuaded Qin Bo at night. However, Qin attacked Zheng bypassing Jin two years later far away by taking soldiers left in Zheng as hidden traitors. After Zhu Zhiwu persuading Qin Bo, the real withdrawal state was Jin while Qin desired to occupy Zheng in the name of withdrawal. This article believes if the withdrawal of Qin's army is not involved with Zhu Zhiwu, namely, rather than just confining to diplomatic words, how can Duke Mu of Qin be able to withdraw easily?And what is the real reason for Qin making friends with Jin then becoming enemies?

並列關鍵字

the Spring and Autumn Annals ； Zuo Zhuan ； Zhu Zhiwu ； retreat from the Qin's army ； Duke Mu of Qin

參考文獻

晉．杜預注，唐．孔穎達正義：春秋左傳正義，臺北：中國人雜誌社，1986年1月，初版，影印清嘉慶20年(1815)江西南昌府學重刊宋本十三經注疏附校勘記本。

漢．司馬遷著，南北朝．裴駰集解，唐．司馬貞索隱，唐．張守節正義：史記，二十五史，臺北：藝文印書館，1982年，影印乾隆武英殿刊本。

唐．李吉甫撰：元和郡縣圖志。京都：中文出版社，1979年。

明．魏禧：左傳經世鈔，上海：上海古籍出版社，1995年。

清．吳楚材、吳調侯評註：評註古文觀止，臺北：廣文書局，1981年。