Clinical Observation of Smallpox Vaccination in Newborn Infants

新生兒牛痘接種之臨床觀察

郭哲舟(Cho-Chou Kuo) ； 林哲雄(Jer-Shoung Lin) ； 陳烱霖(Chiung-Lin Chen) ； 林新澤(Hsin-Tse Lin)

《Acta Paediatrica Sinica》 3卷4期 (1962/12) Pp. 161-164

摘要

省立臺北結核病防治中心爲了要推行大規模的卡介苗接種，以預防學齡前兒童的結核性腦膜炎之發生，正在實驗卡介苗及牛痘的合併接種。因為一般人認為牛痘是必須接種而有益於嬰見的健康，但對於卡介苗的認識較淺，如果在接種牛痘之際，同時給卡介苗的接種，就可以省略分開兩次接種的麻煩，而便於普遍的推行。基於上述理由臺北結核防治中心從民國51年5月起在國立臺灣大學附設醫院嬰見室作卡介苗及牛痘的同時接種的實驗。本報告係從民國51年6月13日到7月31日之間，所接受接種的成熟新生兒111例的臨床觀察。本文只限於牛痘接種之觀察。大部分的新生兒在生後第2天到第4天接受接種。紅斑及丘疹從第2天關始出現，水疱之出現在第3天與第4天之間。膿疱之出現在第3天與第6天之間。種痘反應之出現比新生兒期以後接種的較早，各階段反應之演變也較快，可稱屬加速反應，可能由於經過胎盤來自母親之免疫體所致。接種後對新生兒生理黃疸並無影響。於4例有發燒，1例軟弱，但沒有嚴重的副作用。

並列摘要

There are very few reports on smallpox vaccination in newborn infants, since it is not the rule to give smallpox vaccination in the neonatal period. This report is to present a clinical observation of smallpox vaccination in newborn infants during the experiment of simultaneous vaccination with BCG and smallpox vaccines.
BCG vaccination has been done to the newborn infants for many years in this country, but it has been only limited to a number of newborn babies who were born at hospitals. A large campaign of BCG vaccination has been undertaken on school children, but again only a small part of the preschool children and infants has been vaccinated with BCG.
Because tuberculous meningitis is still an important cause of death of young children in Taiwan, and statistical survey shows there has been no decrease of cases of tuberculous meningitis, but the deaths due to other types of tuberculosis have markedly diminished since when the island-wide BCG program was started in 1951, therefore a 1arg scale of BCG vaccination to those before the school age is necessary for the prevention of occurrence of tuberculous meningitis.
For such a large scale campaign of BCG vaccination it may be very convenient if BCG vaccination can be done at the same time when the children receive smallpox vaccination, because mothers are already well aware of the importance of smallpox vaccination but not that of BCG vaccination. For this reason the Provincia1 Taipei Tuberculosis Control Center has been planning to recommend the health centers to give BCG vaccination simultaneously with smallpox vaccination^2,3 Therefore a preliminary experiment of simultaneous vaccination with BCG and smallpox vaccines has been done on newborn infants, since it is easier to make a control study on newborn babies and BCG vaccination on newborn babies has been practised for many years at the National Taiwan University Hospital.
This report presents only a clinical observation of smallpox vaccination in the newborn babies during this experiment.