- 期刊
全球暖化下黑潮變化及對區域氣候之影響
On the Response of Kuroshio under Global Warming and Its Regional Climate Impact
摘要
黑潮洋流為全球表層洋流系統中較強的環流之一，具有高海溫、高傳送量的特性。黑潮在西北大平洋邊界透過向北傳送巨大熱量的能力，對於調節太平洋海域熱平衡及東亞區域氣候扮演重要的角色。本文透過海洋環流模式模擬，探討在SRES-A2暖化情境下，黑潮洋流可能產生之變化及其所引發的熱通量改變對東亞區域氣候之影響。根據數值實驗顯示，在二十一世紀末北赤道洋流及黑潮流速整體增加約10~20cm/sec，而黑潮東方西北太平洋海表面高度整體上升幅度平均為15cm左右。表面可感熱通量及潛熱通量變化顯示，日本東北方(35～42°N)黑潮流域散失熱量較其他區域多，尤其在冬季最大散失幅度平均約為50 W/m^2，在該區提供大氣額外加熱率，日本東南方(30～35°N)及臺灣東方(18～30°N)黑潮流域在春、夏季海洋散失熱能，分別約為13.8 W/m^2和24.6 W/m^2。反之，秋和冬季黑潮流域為正貢獻（海洋吸收熱能），平均秋季海洋吸收熱能約1.15 W/m^2、冬季海洋吸收熱能約27.05 W/m^2，在該區域可稍減緩大氣暖化程度。
並列摘要
The Kuroshio is among the strongest surface ocean currents on earth that involves the charac -teristics of a warm current and huge volume transport. The Kuroshio is known to transport warm water from the tropical ocean to the mid-latitudes whereas it plays an important role in balancing the heat of the North Pacific as well as in modulating the climate of East Asia. In this study, a high resolution ocean general circulation model is employed to examine the Kuroshio’s response to anthropogenic warming under the SRES-A2 scenario. Our study shows that, as a result of atmospheric warming, the North Equatorial Current and the Kuroshio are both enhanced by as much as 10~20 cm/sec, accompanied by a rise of sea surface high of about 15 cm to the east of Kuroshio. Sensible heat flux (SHF) and Latent heat flux (LHF) show that oceanic heat loss over the northeastern part of Japan (35~42°N) is greater than the other regions. Particularly, the oceanic heat loss in winter is about 50 W/m^2, providing extra local heating for atmosphere. Over the southeastern Japan (30~35°N) and eastern Taiwan (18~30°N) regions, oceanic heat loss in spring and summer is about 18.3 W/m^2 and 24.6 W/m^2, respectively. Conversely, Kuroshio absorbs heat in autumn (about 1.15 W/m^2) and in winter (about 27.05 W/m^2), which may partially offset the atmospheric warming trends in these regions.