潮州方言的「正音」與新文讀層次

Zhengyin and the New Literary Pronunciation of Chaozhou Dialect

張堅(Zhang Jian)

《漢學研究》 36卷3期 (2018/09) Pp. 209-234

摘要

在十九世紀中後期西方傳教士和本地文人編著的文獻中，都有關於潮州方言書面語讀書音「正音」的紀錄。本文考察這類「正音」的使用範圍及習得方法，利用這些材料考證潮州方言「正音」的音系及其性質，指出明代戲曲官話的推廣及在清代「正音運動」的影響下，潮州方言與權威方言接觸而形成了與福建本土閩南方言有別的新文讀層次。

關鍵字

潮州方言 ； 「正音」 ； 新文讀層次 ； 羅馬字語料

並列摘要

Documents written and compiled by Western missionaries and local literati in the mid to late 19th century record the standardized literary pronunciation of Chaozhou 潮州 dialect, known as zhengyin 正音. This paper draws upon these materials to investigate the scope of zhengyin's use and ways in which it was learned, while also utilizing the texts to ascertain zhengyin's sound system and linguistic properties. This research reveals that, influenced by the spread of Mandarin through traditional opera during the Ming dynasty and by zhengyin movements during the Qing, contact between Chaozhou dialect and the prestige dialect resulted in a new layer of literary pronunciation distinct from Fujian's local Minnan 閩南 dialect.

並列關鍵字

Chaozhou dialect ； zhengyin ； new literary pronunciation ； romanized dialect records

參考文獻

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明樂韶鳳編、明宋濂編(2016)。國家圖書館藏明刻洪武正韻。北京:中華書局。

清周碩勳纂修(2001)。乾隆《潮州府志》。潮州:潮州市地方志辦公室。

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