- 期刊
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Enhances Flavonoids in Water-Soluble Propolis
以超臨界二氧化碳萃取提升水溶性蜂膠中類黃酮
摘要
為探討超臨界二氧化碳萃取蜂膠中類黃酮的效果，本研究以超臨界二氧化碳為溶劑來萃取巴西與大陸蜂膠，實驗溫度範圍為35到65℃，壓力範圍為2000到5000psig，採半批次式操作，高壓液態二氧化碳流速控制在5 mL/min，每次使用量為500 L的常壓二氧化碳，同時一併探討添加酒精或水當共溶劑的影響。實驗中蜂膠與共溶劑的比例為1:2與1:5，之後還以超臨界二氧化碳萃取過後殘留於萃取糟中的蜂膠渣為原料，在常壓下進一步以酒精與水萃取（分別稱為ReE與ReW產物）。實驗分析了九個具代表性的類黃酮素含量，使得以探討蜂膠類黃酮成份抑制人類癌細胞的效果。實驗結果顯示，超臨界二氧化碳主要萃取出低極性的蠟質物質，乾的(dry)超臨界二氧化碳萃取巴西蜂膠的產率在45℃與4000psig下可達10%，將ReE、ReW產物與一般常壓酒精或水萃取所得的產品比較，ReE中九個類黃酮素之含量相對增加5%，ReW的相對增加量更明顯，達120%。實驗所得的各式樣品，均進一步做體外細胞試驗以了解對人類HL-60與U937癌細胞的抑制效果，結果均顯示有抑制效果，並發現超臨界二氧化碳萃取物中所含抑制癌細胞之主要物質，可能並不是實驗分析之九個類黃酮素，而是另有他物。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
Two propolis, obtained from Brazil and China, were ground and individually treated using supercritical carbon dioxide to enhance the extraction and water solubility of nine flavonoids. Co-solvent effects of ethanol and water were examined. Extractions were carried out semi-batchly at 5 mL/min CO2, at pressures ranging from 2000 to 5000 psig, at temperatures ranging from 35 to 65℃, and with propolis to co-solvent ratios of 1:2 and 1:5 (w/v). After supercritical extraction of 500 liters of CO2, the residual propolis in the extractor was further extracted by means of normal solvent extraction using 95% ethanol (ReE extract was obtained) and de-ionized water (ReW extract was obtained). Nine active propolis flavonoids in the extracts were analyzed to verify their inhibitory effects on leukemia cancer cells. Experimental results indicated that the dry SC-CO2 extract mainly contained low-polar wax-like materials. The crude yield of Brazilian propolis in the dry SC-CO2 extract reached around 10% at 45℃ and 4000 psig extraction. The amounts of the nine flavonoids in the Brazilian ReE and ReW extracts were 5% and 120%, higher than those obtained by means of conventional ethanol and water extraction, respectively. The Brazilian ReW extracts clearly contained a few water-soluble compounds and, especially, enhanced amounts of the nine flavonoids. All the extracts were tested for viability and cell proliferation of leukemia HL-60 and U937 cancer cells, and most exhibited a postivie inhibitory effect. The results also suggested that something other than the nine flavonoids in dry SC-CO2 extract was importantly involved in the inhibitory effect.