覆蓋材料對‘台農17號’鳳梨結實、裂梗及果實品質之影響

Effect of Covered Materials on Fruitage, Ratio of Cracking Fruit Stalk and Fruit Quality of 'TN17' Pineapples (Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill)

官青杉(Ching-Shan Kuan) ； 李堂察(Tan-Cha Lee) ； 唐佳惠(Chia-Hui Tang)

《台灣農學會報》 16卷3期 (2015/09) Pp. 264-278

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAT.201509_16(3).0005

摘要

本研究探討覆蓋材料對‘台農17號’金鑽(‘Tainung No. 17’, Golden Diamond;‘TN17’)鳳梨結實率、花穗裂梗率、採收後果實大小及品質之影響。鳳梨花穗之裂梗率有明顯的季節性，當抽穗時係在春季及秋季且氣溫接近30℃，相對濕度較高時，則裂梗率高。春季抽穗果園，若覆蓋單層白色聚乙烯纖維布或雙層50%黑色遮光網，均可減少裂梗率；但此2個處理之不帶冠芽果實重量、果高及可溶性固形物含量等，均顯著較對照者低；此時期若覆蓋單層透明塑膠布，則使裂梗率增加，故不具實用性。經覆蓋處理之夏季抽穗果園，不論材料種類為何，均可降低裂梗率，然覆蓋單層白色聚乙烯纖維布或雙層50%黑色遮光網，有可溶性固形物顯著低於對照之情形。於秋季或冬季抽穗之果園，不論以何種材料進行覆蓋，均不影響可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量，然冬季抽穗者若覆蓋雙層50%黑色遮光網，則顯著影響結實率。綜合本試驗顯示：在所有供試材料中，春季及夏季抽穗之果園，分別以單層白色聚乙烯纖維布及單層透明塑膠布覆蓋較適合，除可明顯減輕裂梗，又對品質影響較小，而覆蓋無法明顯減輕秋季抽穗果園之裂梗，需另外尋求適合防護方式。

關鍵字

白色聚乙烯纖維布 ； 黑色50%遮光網 ； 透明塑膠布 ； 裂梗

並列摘要

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the ratio of cracking fruit stalk, fruitage, fruit size, maturity and taste of Gold diamond pineapple (Agricultural NO.17; TN17) using different covered materials. The most common causes of fruit stalk cracking for TN17 pineapple are at the inflorescence development stage in spring and autumn, seasonal effects, being in fields rather than indoors, and high relative humidity close to 30. We found using 50% shading net in winter resulted in fruitage decrease. Use of polyethylene fibers and 50% shading net in spring decreased fruit stalk cracking, fruitlet weight and fruit length. However, use of PE film caused fruit stalk cracking to increase. Fruit covered in autumn and winter had ineffective total soluble solid content and titratable acidity. The pineapple plants covered with polyethylene fibers and 50% shading net in spring result had decreased taste quality. Polyethylene fiber was found to be the best material in spring because of its effectiveness in preventing fruit stalk cracking and the minimum damage to the quality of the pineapples. PE film was found to be the best material in summer because of its effectiveness in preventing fruit stalk cracking and lack of damage to the quality of the pineapples.

並列關鍵字

polyethylene fibers ； Shading ； PE film