Cauda equine syndrome is a rare but well known complication of lumbar spine surgery. Acute presentation of the cauda equine syndrome requires emergent management. For the purpose of appropriate surgical intervention. A case presented here is a 68-year-old woman with complaint of low back pain and neurologic claudication for 10 months. No radiculopathy was noted. Image findings showed multiple spinal stenosis at L3-4,L4-5 and L5-SI levels. Posterior decompression was performed with initial good result. Unfortunatelly, acute cauda equine syndrome occurred on the twelfth postoperative day. Lumbar CT scan showed prominient mass with blurred margin at L4 level. MRI revealed severe dural sac compression by hug hematoma at L2,L3 and L4 level. Emergent decompression was performed with progressive improvement in motor and sensory function. But urine retenfion and poor control of anus persisted. Six months later postoperatively, complete recovery of neurologic deficit of both lower extremities and full recovery of urinary function and anal tone were noted was well.