高歇的「宗教退出」說與中國宗教格局重構的哲學思考

Marcel Gauchet, "Exit from Religion" and the Reconfiguration of the Chinese Religious Landscape-A Philosophical Excursus

魏明德(Benoît Vermander)

《哲學與文化》 38卷10期 (2011/10) Pp. 165-181

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.201110.0165

摘要

宗教與政治領域的互動，受到時代與文化的塑造和變遷，探索起來遠遠超越史學的領域。它是歷史哲學必須面對的核心問題。它引領人們省思各個社會對於集體存在如何給予一個不斷發展的意義。本篇文章的論述乃奠基於法國哲學家馬歇爾•高歇（Marcel Gauchet，生於1946）的言論，尤其是1985年出版的著作《世界的除魅：宗教的政治性歷史》（Le désenchantement du monde，英文譯本為The Disenchantment of the world，出版於1999年）。本文以批判的方式重新詮釋他的思想，引用於透析中國歷史上政治與宗教中正式形成社會紐帶的構成要素。透過這樣的視角，他的思想提出理解歷史的新架構，使我們得知中國實際上在政治與宗教面向所經歷的波折在本質上與西方的歷史進程並沒有高度差異。當國際社會試圖說現今的勞展階段與終極目標產生連結時，這樣的觀點幫助我們以全新的眼光看待當前國際社會的挑戰。

關鍵字

歷史哲學 ； 世俗化 ； 宗教哲學 ； 中國宗教 ； 社會紐帶 ； 國際社會

並列摘要

The study of the interaction between the religious and political spheres, as shaped and transformed throughout ages and cultures, goes far beyond historiography. It is at its core a problem that any philosophy of history has to meet with, It leads one to reflect on how societies have given an ever-evolving meaning to their collective existence. This article is based on the works of the French philosopher Marcel Gauchet (born 1946), notably on Le désenchantement du monde (1985, English translation: The Disenchantment of the World, 1999). It also critically reinterprets his thought by formalizing the articulation between the political and religious components of the social bond (lien social) in Chinese history. By doing so, it offers alternative schemes of historical understanding, suggesting that China may actually have experienced and engineered a decoupling of the political and religious dimensions not so different in nature from the historical process that took place in the West. Such perspective helps one to see in a new light the challenges presently met by the global community as it tries to articulate its current stage of development and its ultimate purpose.

並列關鍵字

Philosophy of History ； Secularization ； Philosophy of Religion ； Chinese religions ； Social Bond ； Global Community