- 期刊
- OpenAccess
竹芋栽培技術之研究
The Research of the Cultivating Technique of Calathea
摘要
竹芋外型優美，種類多，可供盆栽及切葉用。為探討栽培措施對其生育之影響，本試驗以15種竹芋為材料，分別進行適應性觀察、繁殖、肥培及遮光處理等研究。首先觀察在臺東地區栽培的適應性，結果以箭尾竹芋等9種適應性良好，其中箭尾竹芋及紅羽竹芋既可盆栽亦可切葉栽培，是本區值得推介栽培的種類。竹芋一般繁殖方式以分株及扦插為主，其中彩虹竹芋、圓葉竹芋及斑馬竹芋分株繁殖速率最慢。可行扦插繁殖的種類有馬山竹芋、雙色竹芋及黃斑竹芋。不同液態肥料種類影響竹芋生育，其中浪星竹芋以N-P2O5-K2O=30-10-10施用，生育初期株高較高，且中後期之葉片數亦維持較多，施肥次數以一至二週一次者，株高較高。孔雀竹芋生育初期各處理間差異不顯著，中後期以N-P2O5-K2O=30-10-10施用，其株高、葉柄長及葉片數較高，而施肥次數以每週一次，葉片數最多。箭尾竹芋生育初期各處理間差異不顯著，中後期以N-P2O5-K2O=20-20-20施用，其株高及葉柄長較高，但以N-P2O5-K2O=30-10-10施用，葉片數最多，而施肥次數至後期三週一次，葉片數最少。紅羽竹芋對緩效性肥料不同劑量之處理，於生育初期即有顯著的反應，無論株高、葉柄長、葉長、葉寬或完整葉片數，皆以施用5克者最優，並隨施用劑量之增加而遞減。箭尾竹芋對不同肥料劑量之反應更為敏感，受傷枯化葉片數隨施用劑量之增加而增加。慧心竹芋以75%、紅羽竹芋以85%、箭尾竹芋以95%遮光處理下生育較優。切葉產量及品質於85%、90%及95%遮光處理下進行比較，紅羽竹芋各處理間差異不顯著，但綜合各性狀，如葉柄長、葉片長、葉片寬、葉厚及瓶插壽命，則以90%遮光率較佳，切葉產量則以85%遮光率較高。箭尾竹芋各品質性狀以90%～95%遮光率處理較好，切葉產量以95%遮光率處理較多。
並列摘要
Calathea, which is graceful in shape and plentiful in category, can be used as potted landscape and cut leaves. In order to investigate the effect of the cultivating methods to its growth, fifteen kinds of Calatheas are used as materials in this test to do the researches of adaptability, reproduction, fertilizer and shading treatment. First, we observed the adaptability of the cultivation of Calathea in Taitung, and we found out that the adaptability of nine kinds of them, including C. insignis, performed well. Moreover, amid them, C. insignis, and C. ornata are categories worthy of recommend in this region. Because they can be used as potted landscape or cultivated in cut leaves. The general reproduction methods of Calathea, are mainly in division and cutting. C. rosepicta, C. rotundifolia and C. zebrina, their division reproduction rate is the slowest. Those can be reproduced by cutting are M. leuconeura, M. bicolor and Ctenanthe lubbersiana.Different kinds of liquid fertilizers would affect the growth of Calathea. If we apply K-P2O5-K2O=30-10-10 on C. rufibarba, at early period of its growth, the plants would grow taller and remain more leaves in middle-last period. For those which are fertilized one time everyone or two weeks, the plant grow taller. As for C. makoyana, the difference among the treatments is not significant in the early period of its growth. In the middle-last period, if we apply K-P2O5-K2O=30-10-10 on it, the plant would be taller, the petiole longer and the leaf amount more. And for the one that fertilized once a week, it has the most leaves. As for C. insignis, the difference among the treatments is not significant in the early period of its growth. In the middle-last period, if we apply N-P2O5-K2O=20-20-20 on it, the plant and the petiole would be taller. But if we apply N-P2O5-K2O=30-10-10, it would have the most leaves, and if we apply on it every three week in the last period, the leave amount would be the fewest.C. ornata would have significant reaction toward the treatment of different amount of slow-release fertilizer in the early period of its growth. No matter for the plant height, the petiole length, the leaf length, the leaf width or the amount of the intact leaves, they all react the best to the amount of 5 gram one. Moreover, it would reduce with the increasing amount the fertilizer. As for C. insignis, its reaction toward different amount of fertilizer is much serious, and the amount of the wounded and withered leaves soars up with the increase of the amount of application.Speaking of the shading, if we apply 75% on Ctenanthe oppenheimiana, 85% on C. ornata, and 95% on C. insignis, the growth would be the best. As for C. ornata one, its difference of the amount of frond and quality is not significant under the 85%, 90% and 95% shading treatment. But, if we combine every character, for example the petiole length, the leaf length, the leaf width, the leaf thickness and the vase life, it would react better with 90% shading rate and the amount would be more with 85% one. As for every character and quality of C. insignis, it would be better with 90% ~ 95% shading treatment, and for the amount of frond, it would be the most with the treatment of 95% shading.