不利解釋原則非每次皆作不利於保險人之解釋

Contra Proferentem Rule Doesn't Be Always Interpreted 〞Against the Insurer〞

王志鏞(Jyh-Yong Wang)

《保險專刊》 35卷1期 (2019/03) Pp. 29-47

摘要

於保險人與被保險人發生承保範圍爭執時，保險單之用詞、片語或條款有疑義，一般係作有利於被保險人之解釋。不利解釋原則常被用作不利於保險人即保險單起草者之解釋。如保險單之文字係由內行被保險人草擬者，適用不利解釋原則作不利於保險人之解釋不盡合理。又保險單之文字係由保險經紀人代表被保險人草擬者，適用不利解釋原則可謂毫無意義。因此，被保險人係一位擁有對等磋商能力之內行被保險人，適用不利解釋原則有所不宜。除此之外，兩保險人間之爭執，亦不適用不利解釋原則。

關鍵字

不利解釋原則 ； 疑義 ； 四角原則 ； 歧義 ； 內行被保險人

並列摘要

In the coverage contest between an insurer and its insured, doubtful words, phrases and terms in the policy were usually interpreted in favor of the insured. The contra proferentem rule was frequently applied against the insurer who was the drafter of the policy. Application of the rule against the insurer makes little sense where the policy language drafted by sophisticated insured. And it makes no sense at all to apply the rule where the policy language was drafted by an insurance broker working on behalf of the insured. Thus, the application of the rule is not appropriate when an insured is a sophisticated insured with equal bargaining power. In addition, the rule does not apply in disputes between insurers.

並列關鍵字

contra proferentem rule ； doubt ； four corners rule ； ambiguity ； sophisticated insured

參考文獻

王志鏞，2016a，「何謂內行被保險人」，保險大道，第71期，頁11-18。

王志鏞，2016b，「機關應透過保險經紀人採購大額財產保險」，保險大道，第72期，頁60-67。

王志鏞，2017，「保險契約之疑義所指為何」，保險大道，第74期，頁92-96。

李之彥（譯者，原作者為Jerry, R. H., Richmond, D. R.），2009，美國保險法精解（第4版），北京：北京大學出版社。

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