- 期刊
Stance Stability in Shooters
射擊選手的站立平衡穩定度
摘要
在許多運動項目身體的平衡都扮演重要的角色，而射擊運動更會由於姿勢微小的變化而明顯的影響射擊的執行。站立平衡是許多生理及功能系統整合的結果，包括小腦、前庭功能、視覺、本體感覺等各方面協調的結果。在本實驗站立平衡可由力板資料計算而得之三種參數來量化：最大飄移速率、平均飄移速率及發散係數。本研究是利用經由收集15秒站立時的力板資料來分析射擊選手（奧運儲備選手）與一般人在姿勢控制上之差異及各控制因子的影響大小，並且也欲探測三種參數各別的精確度。每位受測者都需接受以下四種感覺環境下測試：1.雙腳自由輕鬆姿勢開眼站立；2.雙腳自由輕鬆姿勢閉眼站立；3.雙腳內緣貼齊並攏開眼站立；4.雙腳內緣貼齊並攏閉眼站立。結果發現射擊選手會比一般人有明顯較好的穩定性，以及最大飄移速率、平均飄移速率不管何感覺環境下都是對穩定度測試較可靠的參數；但是發散係數在則在辨認穩定度差異上較差。結果亦顯示射擊選手比起一般人較不需利用視覺做為姿勢穩定之用，反而比較需本體感覺及前庭系統的控制；但是不管射擊選手或一般人，不同站姿對身體穩定度都有相當的影響。
並列摘要
In many sports events, the role of balance is obvious. In shooting even small changes in posture may lead to significant changes in performance. Balance is the result of interactions between many physiological and functional systems, including cerebellum, vestibular organs, visual system, and proprioceptive system. In this study, the stance stability was quantified by three forceplate measures: the maximum sway velocity, the mean sway velocity and the dispersion index. Posture control during standing on a force plate over a period of 15 seconds was studied for talented shooters trained for the Olympic games and controls. Furthermore, the accuracy of each parameter was detected and all factors for the stability of shooters and non-shooters were weighted. Subjects were tested under four sensory conditions: comfortable stance with eyes open, comfortable stance with eyes closed, narrow stance with eyes open, and narrow stance with eyes closed. It was concluded that the shooters had better stability than untrained control subjects. The maximal velocity and the mean velocity were both valid measures of stance stability during all sensory conditions. However, the dispersion index was poor in distinguishing the differences of stance stability between shooters and controls. The results also indicated that the shooters relied less on visual control and more on proprioceptive and vestibular control than the control subjects did, but the foot position also played an important role on stability control for both the shooters and control subjects.