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溫度對取食香蕉葉片秋行軍蟲（Spodoptera frugiperda（J. E. Smith, 1797））（鱗翅目：夜蛾科）族群特性之影響
Effect of Temperature on the Demographic Characteristics of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Notuidae) Fed on Banana Leaf (Musa × paradisiaca)
摘要
秋行軍蟲（Spodoptera frugiperda（J. E. Smith, 1797））屬鱗翅目（Lepidoptera）夜蛾科（Noctuidae），原產於北美洲熱帶與亞熱帶地區，其寄主植物紀錄達76科，353種以上，在2016年入侵非洲大陸並嚴重威脅當地糧食生產後，即深受各國重視。此蟲已於2019年入侵台灣，雖目前仍主要危害禾本科（Poaceae）之玉米和高粱等，但在其他多種作物上亦有取食報導。芭蕉科（Musaceae）之食用香蕉(Musa × paradisiaca）為熱帶與亞熱帶地區廣泛栽培的作物，全球年產量約1.53億公噸，是目前生產與消費量皆最多的水果。雖然秋行軍蟲的全球活動範圍與香蕉主要產地多所重疊，但目前除危害記錄外，包括生活史與基礎生態資料仍闕如。為瞭解取食香蕉之秋行軍蟲是否可完成生長發育，本研究以溫度為變因，在相對溼度70 ± 5%、光週期12:12（L:D）的恆溫生長箱內以香蕉葉片飼養該蟲。結果顯示，在27°C與30°C下，幼蟲期各為16.9與14.8日，蛹期則為7.6與7.2日。雌、雄成蟲平均壽命於27°C下各為12.1與10.6日；於30°C下各為10.7與8.1日。於27°C下，平均每隻雌蟲可產卵數為435.8粒，30°C下則為657.1粒。以TWOSEX-MSChart軟體分析，在27°C與30°C下內在增殖率（r）各為0.1395 day^(-1)與0.1673 day^(-1)、淨繁殖率（R_0）各為103.2與143.4個後代／個體、平均世代時間（GT）各為33.1與29.6日、終極增殖率（λ）各為1.1498 day^(-1)與1.1822 day^(-1)。綜合前述實驗結果，幼蟲期取食香蕉葉片之秋行軍蟲族群不僅可完成生活史，亦能順利繁殖後代，故在缺乏主要禾本科寄主時，香蕉植株或可為此害蟲之棲所與食源，所以未來台灣對秋行軍蟲的監測與防治上應不可忽略香蕉種植園區。
並列摘要
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has recently become an invasive species in Taiwan. The FAW is native to the Americas and feeds on at least 353 plant species from more than 76 plant families. Corn (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) are more vulnerable to the FAW than other plants; nevertheless, this polyphagous species could cause severe damage to other essential economic crops. This study investigated whether cultivated bananas (Musa × paradisiaca) could harbor FAWs and serve as an alternative host plant. We report the life history of FAWs that fed on banana leaves under laboratory conditions of 27°C and 30°C, with 70% ± 5% relative humidity and a 12-h/day photoperiod. The developmental periods of the larvae and pupae were significantly longer at 27°C (16.9 and 7.6 days, respectively) than at 30°C (14.8 and 7.2 days, respectively). Adults of both sexes had significantly shortened longevity at higher temperatures: females survived 12.1 and 10.7 days at 27°C and 30°C, respectively, whereas males survived 10.6 and 8.1 days at these temperatures, respectively. The differences in average fecundity between the conditions were significant, with 435.8 eggs/female at 27°C and 657.1 eggs/female at 30°C. The results of a two-sex life table analysis revealed that population parameters were also significantly affected by temperature. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproduction rate (R_0), mean generation time (GT), and finite rate of increase (λ) at 27°C and 30°C were 0.1395 and 0.1673 day^(-1), 103.2 and 143.4 eggs/individual, 33.1 and 29.6 days, and 1.1498 and 1.1822 day^(-1), respectively. We conclude that FAWs can survive and complete their life history when fed banana leaves. Our data can serve as a reference in integrated pest management efforts to manage damage caused by FAWs in Taiwan.