先秦儒家的「君子」－「位」與「德」的重心移轉

Notion of Jun Zi in Pre-Chin Confucianism: The Shift of "Rank of Nobility" and "Moral Conduct"

林家瑜(Chia-Yu Lin)

《東方人文學誌》 9卷2期 (2010/06) Pp. 59-77

https://doi.org/10.6389/OH.201006.0059

摘要

從孔子明顯賦予君子道德意義開始，君子一直是儒家思想中理想人格的代表，時至今日，更成為中國文化的重要內涵。君子和聖人同時都是先秦儒家人格典範，孔子對聖人自嘆不如，卻一再以君子自勉勉人。所以，比起聖人，君子是先秦儒家最為人所熟知，且最有影響力的理想人格。本文擬從上古部落文明、先秦儒家傳世典籍、《論語》、《孟子》和《荀子》，藉由詞意內涵和德行境界，探討先秦儒家君子概念中－位與德的重心移轉。

關鍵字

君子 ； 論語 ； 孟子 ； 德 ； 位

並列摘要

Jun Zi has long been represented as the ideal character of the Confucian school ever since it was endowed with moral meanings by Confucius, and it has continuously enriched the Chinese cultural until the present. Both Jun Zi and Sage are the paragons of moral integrity for Pre-Chin Confucianism. However, it is Jun Zi, who has the most influential and best-known character in Pre-Chin Dynasty, that Confucius kept encouraging others and himself alike to emulate rather than Sage, for it is far from reachable to make oneself equal to Sage. The aim of this research is to explore the shift of rank of nobility and moral conduct in the Pre-Chin Confucian notion of Jun Zi, via investigation of semantic implications and moral level from the culture of ancient tribes and Pre-Chin classics such as Analects of Confucius, Mencius, and XunZi, that have been handed down for generations.

並列關鍵字

Jun Zi ； Analects of Confucius ； Mencius ； Moral Conduct ； Rank of Nobility