楊起元《孝經》與孝道之詮釋與實踐

本文主要探討晚明思想家楊起元（1547-1599）對《孝經》與孝道之詮釋與實踐。其思想主要在承繼師見下，進一步予以推衍與轉化，而呈現一泛孝化、政教化、實踐化、本體化、三教化等發展，代表了心學良知說，轉向了仁孝之論。其理論在於將孝内植於本心良知，對外則拓展於社會群體，使孝不侷限於家庭人倫，擴大了孝行之範圍；彼又重視孝道教化與政治改革，亦以此融通三教，使三教有所對話與交流，建構了孝治天下之「内在修養」與「社會實踐」之途徑，反映了晚明《孝經》與孝道多元化之發展。

關鍵字

仁孝關係；孝治天下；孝經；愛身；楊起元

並列摘要

This article is mainly to investigate the interpretation and practice of Xiao Jing {Book of Filial Piety) and Filial Piety which was made by the thinker in the late Ming Dynasty, Yang Qi-Yuan (1547-1599). His thought was mainly inherited from the views of his teacher, and then made a further derivation and conversion to present the developments of extensive conversion of filial piety, politicization and religionization, as well as three-religious conversions. It represented that the Mind's Philosophical Consciousness was converted into the theory of Ren Xiao (Mercy and Filial piety). The theory was to make internal implantation of Filial Piety into original consciousness and external development in the social groups, in order to allow Filial Piety not to be limited within family ethics and therefore to expand the behavior scope of Filial Piety. Also, he emphasized the educational conversion of Filial Piety and political reform. Furthermore, it was based on this theory to make the Fusion and Accommodation of Three Religions, which enabled them to have dialogues and interflows. It constructed the route of Internal Self-Cultivation and Social Practice under the world governed by Filial Piety, which reflected the diversified development of Filial Piety in the late Ming Dynasty.