不合時宜的吟遊詩人之聲：「撒旦磨坊」與市場社會

本文檢視博蘭尼和布雷克作品中「撒旦磨坊」相關語境的關鍵字，透過文本內關聯性和互文性分析，發現博蘭尼「撒旦磨坊」的具體指涉是包括濟貧制度和相關機構設施在內，透過道德改造將勞動力轉化為虛構商品並使之適應競爭性勞動市場所需紀律的社會機制。而布雷克以「心靈鍛造的鐐銬」批判人類藉著抽象的人性概念合理化自身無視同類苦難的態度。據此「布雷克視角」重新詮釋《鉅變》，本文認為博蘭尼的「抽象概念組成的人性形象」呼應布雷克的「心靈鍛造的鐐銬」，他批判古典政治經濟學的「經濟人預設」和「市場心態」悖離基督教根本精神而成為社會錯位的根源。通過馬革頓教派反律法主義的人性概念，博蘭尼賡續了布雷克對工業主義文明的批判。

關鍵字

基督教的人性概念；博蘭尼；市場社會；浪漫主義神學；布雷克

並列摘要

Following a clue mentioned by Kari Polanyi-Levitt, this paper proposes a Blakean reading of the Great Transformation. By intra-textual and intertextual analysis of key words frequently used in linguistic contexts relevant to ＂satanic mill＂ from works by Polanyi, we argue that ＂satanic mill＂ in The Great Transformation mainly refers to the institutional ensemble of poor relief, including legislation and associated establishments, which aimed to convert labor into a fictitious commodity by way of humiliating and dehumanizing moral correction. Taking the perspective of the symbolism and doctrine of the antinomian Muggletonianism, Blake critiques the human image made from abstractions, because human beings justify their selfish motives and behaviors towards their human fellows traditionally held to be created in God’s image. Polanyi criticizes the postulate of homo economicus, in which the market mentality of the classical political economy caused humankind to turn its back on the fundamental doctrines of Christianity and should be blamed for social disasters in England's early industrialism and the early twentieth century. It is through the Muggletonian concept of men that Polanyi's critique of market society echoes Blake's romantic theological critique of the Enlightenment and industrialism.