風險認知與核電支持度關聯性之研究：以福島核能事故後台灣民眾對核電的認知與態度為例

科技發展提升物質文明，也帶來風險，使人類進入風險社會。民眾對於科技的風險認知，會影響到對該科技的態度與行為。2011年日本福島核能事故後，台灣反核聲浪高漲，2013年政府宣佈不排斥以公投解決核四爭議，許多媒體也公布相關民調，引起許多討論。然而，民眾對於核能發電的支持度，主要是受到什麼因素影響呢？本研究嘗試建構風險認知多元迴歸模型解析台灣核電民意，結果顯示風險認知比使用人口變項具備更良好的解釋力。國內的核電民意調查，多半僅詢問民眾是否贊成使用核能發電，並從人口變項去進行分析討論。本研究則從風險認知理論著手，分析風險認知差異對核電支持度的影響。研究結果發現性別、政黨傾向等人口變項對核電支持度雖具一定解釋力（R^2=0.18），但風險認知的解釋力更為清楚直接（R^2=0.54）。在解釋民眾對核能發電的支持度時，除了核能安全外，還應考慮環境、災害、財務、社會、功能等5種風險認知構面，綜合6個構面而成的風險認知因素，是最主要影響民眾核電支持度的因素。

關鍵字

風險認知；風險社會；核電支持度；核能安全；福島核能事故

並列摘要

Science and technology have enhanced the development of material civilization, but they also bring increased risks. After the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan, antinuclear sentiment in Taiwan rose. In 2013, the Taiwanese Government announced that it might use a referendum to solve the fourth nuclear power plant dispute. This study constructed a multivariate risk perceptions regression model to resolve Taiwanese public opinion about nuclear power. The results exceeded explanations using only demographic variables. Most domestic nuclear power polls have only asked respondents if they favor nuclear power use. This study further analyzed differences in risk perception and support for nuclear power, and found that gender, political party preference, and other demographic variables had some explanatory power(R^2 = 0.18), but risk perception(R^2 = 0.54)explained nuclear power's support levels more clearly and directly. This study also suggested that the interpretation of public support for nuclear power, in addition to nuclear safety, had five dimensions of risk perception (including: the environment, disaster, financial, social, functional), integrated into nuclear power's six risk dimensions and effectively enhanced explanations for nuclear power's support.