以策略管理探討競技運動之成敗因素：以2004年雅典奧運為例

A Study of the 2004 Athens Olympics Strategic Management

彭臺臨(Tai-Lin Peng)

《臺灣體育運動管理學報》 15卷2期 (2015/12) Pp. 193-212

https://doi.org/10.6547/tassm.2015.0009

摘要

本研究旨在探討2004 年雅典奧運能夠突破「零金障礙」，贏得2 金2 銀1銅歷史最佳成績的策略管理。本研究採取文獻分析法，資料來源取於研究者工作日誌，運動員與教練訓練日誌、官方文件、文獻與會議記錄、書籍、期刊與新聞報導。奧運奪金難度極高，歷屆中華隊以「參賽為主，奪牌其次」的態度，皆未曾立下明確奪金目標。雅典奧運是唯一在賽前立下明確而且大膽的奪金目標。膽大包天目標是眾志成城的重心，可以激發出驚人的團隊精神。首次採用F.O.C.U.S. 策略有助於選擇奪金重點項目 (跆拳、射箭、射擊、舉重) ，並集中資源，支援教練與運動員無後顧之憂。且因目標明確，策略具體可行，也獲得行政院整合各部會資源，支持奧運奪金計畫。本研究獲得主要結論如下：一、雅典奧運為設立「膽大包天目標」形成進步動力。二、雅典奧運培訓掌握奧林匹克核心價值，追求「更高、更強、更快」理念。也建立正直、誠實、尊重個人、具創造力、夢想的組織文化。三、F.O.C.U.S. 策略有助於發現臺灣競爭優勢運動種類，整合資源，專注於競爭優勢，且積極學習成功典範，挑戰自我，不斷突破，達到奧運奪金目標。

關鍵字

策略管理 ； 組織效能 ； 目標設定 ； 行動方案

並列摘要

The aim of this study was to analyze the strategic management that enabled a breakthrough in the ＂zero Olympic gold barrier＂ with an historical performance at the 2004 Athens Olympics, capturing 2 gold, 2 silver, and 1 bronze medal. A document analysis method was applied. Winning an Olympic gold medal is an extremely difficult endeavor. In the past, the Chinese Taipei national teams assumed an attitude of ＂simply being there to participate and winning a medal if it came along.＂ There was never a clear goal set for winning gold medals up until the Athens Olympics when bold projections and specific goals were laid out. These fearless objectives functioned as the driving force propelling a sense of unity, common purpose, and a remarkably cohesive team spirit. The F.O.C.U.S. strategy was first adopted into the athlete training process as it facilitated the selection of key gold medal focus sports and determined where to consolidate resources and support so that coaches and athletes could completely concentrate their energies on their task at hand. The principle conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) The ＂fearless objectives＂ set for the Athens Olympics functioned as a motive force in achieving excellence; (2) The Athens Olympics training embraced the Olympic core values of striving for ＂Faster, Higher, Stronger,＂ and also established an organizational culture with integrity, honesty, respect for individuals, resourcefulness, and vision; and (3) The F.O.C.U.S. strategy facilitated the selection of sports events that Taiwan maintains a competitive advantage in, consolidating resources on those key disciplines, and aggressively learning to become a model of success, perpetually challenging oneself and continuously striving for breakthroughs to actualize the goal capturing Olympic gold.

並列關鍵字

strategic management ； organizational effectiveness ； goal setting ； action plan

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