國府反共堡壘觀的臺灣體育(1945~1971)

本文以研究1945年至1971年間，在中華民國政府治理下，積極建設臺灣爲反共堡壘，以維繫國府政權最後命脈。蔣介石在反共堡壘治理觀下，以「反共復國」爲基本國策，爲一黨專政、國防第一的合法性與正當性基礎，對內側重全面的安撫與控管以「穩定重於一切」，促使安定社會和改善民生，以對應中共統治中國的倒行逆施與人民苦難，對外側重捍衛國際組織會籍與深化反共友邦的情誼和爭取華僑認同。體育是反共堡壘觀治國的重要一環，它既有鍛鍊集體反共愛國意識、發揚民族精神和認同國家領袖，及造就文武合一和強兵衛國青年，以強化全民國防的效用，亦具有培育刻苦耐勞精神、強化身體操作能力與耐力，提供市場優質勞動人力，以促進經濟發展功能，因而國府將推展體育作爲治理臺灣的重要政策工具之一。研究發現臺灣體育的目標、策略及實施，均深切受到反共堡壘觀的影響，整個推展體育系統成爲社會內部控制的一環，無論是教育行政體系、社會體育組織、救國團、童軍總會均在黨政軍掌控之下，特別是擁有最多預算與資源的軍方系統，但掌握決策核心的蔣氏父子具有尊重專業治理的理念，各組織的執行者具專業理念與素養，隨著經濟發展有成及民智增長，臺灣體育逐漸走出爲戰爭準備及體育鍛鍊的陰霾，朝向健康化與競技化雙主軸發展。

關鍵字

臺灣體育；體育政治；體育史；體育文化

並列摘要

This paper deals with the Taiwanese sports under the KMT's ruling era from 1945 to 1971. In this time, the aim is to build an anti-communism country actively, in order to maintain the last lifeblood of country's office regime. By the Chiang Kai-shek's ideal of anti-communism idea, the fundamental principle of state is in order that to revive of the legitimacy of its reign and against the mainland China controlled by the Communist Party, demand that the importance of its dictatorship quo by one party and privilege the national defense as its basis way of getting legitimacy. For that purpose, overall inwards, are in charge of with steady to everything particular, emphasizes on smoothing its countrymen, then to impel the stable society as the first thing, and improve their livelihood. By this way, it counterfeit the situation that what the consequences such as make people go bankrupt, and being damaged suffered, brought by the ruling of Communist party in China meanwhile. On the contrary, the Republic of China emphasizes on defending international organization membership and friendly feelings of deepening the anti-communism friendly nation and striving for the overseas Chinese to approve foreign countries at the same time. Sport is one of important anti-communism stronghold that could be a way of running a country. It not only tempers the patriotic consciousness of anti-communism, but also cultivates national spirit, approving the recognition of national leader, building up civil and militant youth to protect the country, so that it can reinforce the effect of people's sense of national defense. Besides, it can also cultivate the spirit of diligence, strengthening the ability of body's performance and its endurance, so that it may offer good workers in the labor market, then promote the function of economic development. As a result, the administration regards it as an important policy to promote sports to be one of the methods to manage Taiwan. Research shows that, the goal, the strategy and the practice of Taiwan's sports was fiercely influenced by the idea of anti-communism stronghold. Thus, the promotion of sports becomes a part of socially inner control. What all the educational systems, social sports organization, CYC and boy scouts' federation were controlled by KMT's government, especially the military system which has the most budget and resources was included. However, Chiang and his son, the real decision maker, had the idea of respecting all the aspect of specificity. So that it makes all the executer of each organization equipped with their professional idea. By the economic prosperity and enhancing people's intelligence in Taiwan, its sports get rid of the shadow of its being prepared for war and the physical training gradually. Nowadays, it towards to be two axis of its development: for health and for competition.