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尼采思想對哲學諮商的啟示
Neitzsche Philosophy and Philosophical Counseling
摘要
哲學的應用絕大多數是將哲學思考方法實踐於生活當中，當人們對於生活中的各種問題難以解決的時候，我們會記起蘇格拉底的名言：「未經檢視的生活，是不值得過的。」這句話讓每一個遭遇問題的人知道可以藉由對話釐清自己內心的困惑。二十世紀末新發展的「哲學諮商」是一種心靈輔導方法，一般將其定位為「實踐哲學」，以開放性對話為方法、期望最終可以做到人人都是自己的哲學諮商師，人人都可以擁有一顆實踐幸福快樂生活的心靈。所以，哲學家並不需要那麼孤單，因為這個世界確實需要哲學家提供對現實世界的各種「錯誤」的心靈慰藉，哲學家的思想可以引領我們真實地住在現實世界裡，不再追求那遙不可及的理想價值。尼采稱人們必須摧毀僅是為了遵守宗教體制為基礎的價值觀，讓每個人重新建立以自身存在作為個人的價值，讓我們每個人在世俗生活中，思考如何建立自己的精神依歸、用甚麼來證明自己的生命是有意義的；尼采並否定宗教性的「奴隸道德」，主張發揮個人的潛能意志，開發最有價值的自我實現。所以我認為是尼采的思想可以讓人們理解雖然身處於這個充滿矛盾衝突的世界，依舊可以找到生命的出路，甚至超越自己原有的命運。所以，這篇論文的目的是希望將尼采對生命的反思融入哲學諮商的實踐裡，讓尼采的思想也成為可以幫助一般人面對自己的不良情緒。
並列摘要
The application of philosophy is to practice philosophical thinking in our daily life. Socrates said, ＂The unexamined life is not worth living for a human being.＂ It leads philosophers most likely to clarify all confusion we face through conservations with others. Philosophical counseling is a new assistance based on open conversations. It expects everyone could be his own counselor and deserves a happy life. Traditional metaphysics makes us purse the highest truth so that we should break the chains to come to the true freedom. Therefore, this world needs philosophers to provide guideline to correct all false thinking which destroy our life. Nietzsche's philosophy is to be thought controversial; however, I think his whole life itself reflected a passionate life style. His strive for healthy self-overcoming has the power to influence contemporary society. His thought reminds us to create the meaning of our personal life. Therefore, I believe that Nietzsche's philosophy has positive effect on the development of philosophical counseling, and that is the purpose of this paper.