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以「偷、搶」二字分析語料庫近義詞之詞語搭配關係與華語教學應用
Base on Corpus to Analyze the Collocation of Mandarin synonyms and the Application of Chinese Language Teaching: Study on Steal and Rob
摘要
華語「偷」和「搶」的行為在法律上表示為「意圖為自己或第三人不法之所有」，但兩者略有差異，前者為竊取他人之物，後者為搶奪他人之物，且刑法上對「搶」給予較重的罪行。本文透過語料庫分析「偷」和「搶」近義詞其在詞語搭配情況的差異。結果發現「偷」和「搶」所凸顯的語義角色皆以被偷物或被搶物為主，且「搶」會凸顯的搶劫動作者的頻率更低，這個現象進一步分析後發現，是受到「偷」和「搶」基本語義概念的延伸用法，使得兩者除了表達偷竊或搶劫之外，更常表示私底下或爭取、競爭等用法，其搭配的詞語也不同。初步分析結果提供教學者能透過語料庫工具作為輔助，幫助華語學習者掌握「偷」和「搶」之間的語義表達和詞語搭配的差異。
並列摘要
In the law, steal and rob were defined ＂A person who wrongfully/forcefully takes from the person of another movable property with the intent illegally to appropriate it for himself or for a third person＂, but the two are slightly different. Robber be heavier punished. This article base on semantic theory to analyze what the difference in the word collocation between the steal and rob synonyms in corpus. As a result, we found that they highlighted semantic roles were dominated by ＂stolen objects＂ or ＂robbed objects＂ and the robber is not a prominent semantic role. From the corpus data, we think this is because of the extension of other semantic concepts of steal and rob. Steal more commonly used in secretive behavior, rob more commonly used in competition. Through corpus tools, it can help Chinese learners to learn the semantic differences and expressions between synonyms.