- 期刊
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創新油槽火災滅火系統：泡沫系統結合珍珠石顆粒之抑制成效研究
A Novel Tank Fire Suppression System: Combination of Foam and Perlites
摘要
目前廣泛用來撲滅與抑制油槽火災的滅火設備為泡沫系統（foam system），然而泡沫系統之滅火效率並不顯著。為提升油槽火災滅火之效率，先前學者提出以礦物石顆粒撲滅油槽火災，結果顯示礦物石顆粒於油槽火災初期有效撲滅火災。因此本研究將探討泡沫系統、珍珠石顆粒及結合泡沫系統與珍珠石顆粒之滅火效率。油盤尺寸分別為30、50 cm，高度皆為10 cm。燃料為甲醇，其燃料高度為4 cm。燃料開始後自由燃燒60秒使其火焰達穩定燃燒狀態，而後分別撒下3%水層膜泡沫及珍珠石顆粒，泡沫系統噴撒的時間為2分鐘，並記錄其滅火時間與溫度數據。實驗結果顯示以水層膜泡沫系統無法有效撲滅火勢，僅提供有限的降溫效果，待泡沫噴撒結束後火焰迅速回復至穩定燃燒狀態。然撒下珍珠石顆粒時可迅速將火焰壓制，使火焰範圍瞬間減小，但因珍珠石顆粒尺寸不一與壁面容易形成縫隙而造成壁面火焰。因壁面火焰存在且珍珠石顆粒並無降溫效果造成滅火後容易造成復燃情 況。結合泡沫及珍珠石顆粒之組別可因珍珠石顆粒有效壓制火焰並藉由泡沫系統提供良好的降溫效果，進而不產生復燃現象。本次實驗結合泡沫及珍珠石顆粒系統撲滅油槽火災，能夠有效改善油槽火災原本之滅火方式，以利消防搶救人員以及設備上的安全性。
並列摘要
Foam system is one of the common firefighting methods on oil tank fires. However, in the realistic tank fire, only 30% amount of total foam could reach the fuel surface, thus, the suppression efficiency of the foam system is still poor. In order to improve the suppression efficiency of foam system, some researchers used the mineral particulate to suppress the oil tank fires, and the results show that the mineral particulates could suppress the tank fires in the initial periods. Therefore, this study investigated the suppression effect of the foam system combined with perlites and only foam system or perlites on oil tank fires. The pan diameter of this study were 30 and 50 cm, and both of the pan height were 10 cm. Fuel was methanol and fuel height was 4 cm. 3% AFFF and perlites were used. The foam system started after 60 s pre-burn time and the foam application time was 2 min in this study. The time of suppression and the temperature history were recorded. The experimental results show that only applying the foam system could not effectively suppress the fire, but cooling the temperature of flame. However, after the end of foam application, the fire recovered quickly. The use of the perlites can knock down the fire quickly, but rift fire was formed because of the different size distribution of perlites. Furthermore, the fire would burn back because the rift fire was existed and the perlites did not have cooling effect. The combination of foam and perlites could effectively knock down the fire and cause the cooling effect, and consequently suppressed the burn-back phenomenon. Therefore, the combination of foam system and perlites could enhance the suppression efficiency and improve the fire safety of oil tanks.