開發生物農藥液化澱粉芽孢桿菌ML15-4防治草莓灰黴病

Development of bio-pesticide Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ML15-4 to control of the graymold(Botrytis cinerea) of strawberry(Fragaria x ananassa)

鄭志文(Zhi-Wen Zheng) ； 李吉峰(Ji-Feng Li) ； 吳岱融(Dai-Rong Wu) ； 盧美君(Mei-Chun Lu) ； 林盈宏(Ying-Hong Lin) ； 朱盛祺(Sheng-Chi Chu)

《苗栗區農業改良場研究彙報》 5期 (2017/06) Pp. 51-67

摘要

草莓是全世界重要的經濟蔬果之一，灰黴病菌隨空氣大量傳播，感染危害草莓果實，造成嚴重損失；苗栗區農業改良場開發生物性農藥菌種液化澱粉芽孢桿菌ML5-4進行生物防治，該菌株已完成5噸工業級發酵量產製程，並開發成生物農草商品化水懸劑(SC)與可濕性粉劑(WP)雙劑型，產品室溫儲架壽命可達2年，活菌數均可維持1x10^9CFU/ml;經溫室高架先期試驗可降低草莓果實灰黴病的罹病率達12.8%;調整為預防性施藥，ML15-4水懸劑(SC)與可濕性粉劑(WP)分別進行3場田間藥效測試，稀釋300倍對灰黴病平均防治率可達54~58.7%，可訂為推薦使用倍數，生物農藥為安全資材無殘毒風險，可減少化學農藥使用，提升草莓食用安全與品質。

關鍵字

液化澱粉芽孢桿菌 ； 生物農藥 ； 灰黴病

並列摘要

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.} is one of the most economically important fruit crops in the world. However, the necrotrophic air-borne fungus, Botrytis cinerea, which can affects many plant species, occurs abundantly throughout the year as a saprophyte and facultative parasite on strawberry. In this study, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ML15-4 isolated by the Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station was formulated as the bio-pesticides for control of Botrytis cinerea. Specifically, we optimized the five-tons of industrial-grade production processes and completed two bio-pesticide formulations of suspension concentrate and wettable powder. We proved that 1 X 10^9 CFU/ml of viable bacteria can be maintained at least for 24 months at room temperature (28°C ). The data of storage stability evaluation indicated that shelf life of the suspension concentrates and wettable powder was at least 2 years in duration at room temperature. In the greenhouse experiments, the disease severity of strawberry fruit gray mold (SFGM) in the early stage could be reduced about 12.8% by the ML15-4 suspension concentrates. To further evaluate the efficacy of the two bio-pesticide formulations on controlling SFGM, three preventive application experiments in fields were conducted. The results indicated that the applications of the formulated B. amyloliquefaciens ML15-4 (in 1:300 dilution) significantly reduced the disease severity of SFGM up to 54% to 58.7% in the field trials. The two bio-pesticide formulations of ML15-4 without residual toxin have the potentials to serve as the safety management methods for enhancing fruit quality and reducing the economic impacts of SFGM on the strawberry industry. We expect that the two bio-pesticide formulations of ML15-4 could provide an alternative approach to chemical pesticides in management of SFGM more safely and reliably.

並列關鍵字

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ； bio-pesticide ； gray mold (Botrytis cinerea)