- 期刊
《钱注杜诗》诗史互证之商榷
Re-examining the Mutual Verification between Poetry and History in Qian Qian-yi's Annotation of Du Fu's Poems
摘要
本文从检讨钱谦益笺注杜诗之得失入手，认为钱注杜诗是是杜诗学史上的重要里程碑，在此之前，宋代注杜者虽多，然多不精当，钱注纠正前注之误极多。钱氏长于史学，因此其注杜重在考订杜诗中史事，然后诗史互证，以史证诗，以诗补史。钱氏自许其注杜为开凿鸿蒙之作，但钱氏自以为的创见，却往往有其不见，吾人只有把钱注放在杜诗学史的脉络下来检视，才能正确评价钱注杜诗之不足。因此，接下来本文检视了历代注杜的概况，注杜自宋代始，宋人注杜，《宋史．艺文志》著录已多，北宋注杜之书多不传，南宋则兴起集注杜诗的风气。有清一代朴学、考据学风兴盛，杜诗注释受其影响，持续不衰。在检讨前人对钱注杜诗之评价后，本文提出以诗学文献及史料比较的方法，参酌西方近代阐释学及接受美学理论，以钱注杜诗中最有争论的几首诗之笺释为例，指出钱注杜诗以史证诗，往往引喻过度、比附史事失当，故每不为文学社群所接受，其自以为洞见之处，往往即其不见之处。
並列摘要
This article re-examines the advantage and disadvantage of the method of mutual verification between poetry and history, a method used by Qian Qian-yi in his annotation of Du Fu's poems. It goes without saying that Qian's annotation of Du Fu's poems is a milestone and contributes a great deal of merits to the Du Fu poetics. Before Qian, scholars of Sung dynasty had devoted themselves to the annotation of Du poems and yet their annotation has many flaws and is misleading. Qian's annotation makes a great deal of correction. However, Qian's annotation has its insight as well as blindness. Scholars of present days have to examine Qian's annotation in the context of the history of Du Fu's poetics in order to accurately evaluate Qian's annotation. After re-examining Qian's annotation, this article, taking some of Qian's most controversial annotated poems as examples, points out that Qian's annotations, by using the method of mutual verification of poetry and history, in many cases, are nothing but his own free association of historical events and poems. What he thought that is his insight turns out to be his blindness.