「佛郎機化人話簿」探索：從音韻和詞彙入手

Approaching the Spaniard's Manuscript from Phonological and Lexical Vintage Point

連金發(Chinfa Lien) ； 李毓中(Fabio Yuchung Lee) ； 鄭縈(Ying Cheng)

《季風亞洲研究》 10期 (2020/04) Pp. 37-67

摘要

本文分成兩部分︰其一專注於探討「佛郎機化人話簿」中漢字所書寫的十六七世紀的西班牙語，透過閩南語語音來捕捉西班牙語當時的樣貌。從前人對西班牙語音史的研究我們得知輔音演變各階段的梗概。同時我們對閩南語及其次方言（泉州腔和漳州腔）的音系也有基本的掌握。準此，這一部分主要是論證，文本中漢字轉寫做為西班牙語的音譯用閩南語來念，才能更逼近十六七世紀的西班牙語，閩南語的讀音也反映早期西班牙語的音值，與現代西班牙語不盡相同。其二論證文本呈現語言的多樣性，除了絕大多數是西班牙語之外，還含有呂宋本土的塔加洛語、中南美洲的納瓦特語、東南亞的馬來語、甚至是阿拉伯語的借詞。另外透過遺留下來的詞彙也可以一窺西班牙語殖民時呂宋的政治、宗教、經濟、文化的樣貌。

關鍵字

西班牙語 ； 閩南語 ； 漢字轉寫 ； 音韻 ； 詞彙 ； 多元性

並列摘要

The paper falls into two parts. In the first place, we try to tease out the sound shape of early modern Spanish in the light of Southern Min pronunciation of the Chinese characters used in the transliteration of Spanish lexical items. On the strength of previous literature on Spanish consonantal systems at early and present stages and the consonantal system of Southern Min and its subvariety we have been able to substantiate the claim of Southern Min as the most likely candidate for the rendition of early modern Spanish sounds in a more faithful manner as well as pinpoint the earlier features of some consonants of Spanish which are no longer in existence in modern Spanish. Secondly, we adduce a range of examples to show the richness and diversity of lexical items that attest the imprint of many facets of Spanish in its adaption to the new linguistic milieu in Luzon, a newly acquired colony, and a handful of words from a range of languages such as Tagalog, Malay, Nahuatl and even Arabic have found their way into Spanish.

並列關鍵字

Spanish ； Southern Min ； transliteration phonology ； lexical items ； diversity