《左傳》魯國臧氏家族之家風探究

中國傳統文化淵遠流長，自古以來，藉由家風與家訓之薪火相承，世代綿延至今。家風為各個家族之獨有特色樣貌，並具體而微展現在家訓以及個人日常之行事風格上，長久發展則凝聚成民族文化。目前學界普遍認同中國家訓起源於先秦，然與其他時代相較之下，卻罕見研究先秦家風與家訓之相關論著，至為可惜。《左傳》解經與記載史實之價值，歷來極受諸家學者肯定，而春秋時期魯國之禮樂昌盛，亦極能代表先秦時代文明。故本文藉由梳理、分析《左傳》記載之卿大夫史實，以魯國臧氏家族作為核心研究對象，進行深入考察，從獨立個人之言行事蹟中，研究歸納出魯國臧氏家族之家風具體有二：（一）知書達禮，（二）直言敢諫，此二者即為臧氏家族世代教育傳承之家風特色。期藉本文之考察，為目前學界論述極稀之先秦家訓家風研究，提供新興探索面向。

關鍵字

家風；家族；左傳；魯國臧氏；先秦

並列摘要

China has a long history of traditional culture. Since ancient times, traditional Chinese culture has been passed down from generations to generations through the inheritance of family tradition and family precepts. Presenting the uniqueness of every family, family tradition was subtly demonstrated in family percepts and daily behavior of each family member, developing into a national culture. While the academia has reached recent consensus in the idea that Chinese family precepts originated in Pre- Qin Period, few research has been done on the family tradition of Pre-Qin compared with other periods. Since Zuo Zhuan has long been regarded as a work of profound historic value, this article takes Zuo Zhuan as a reference to discuss the family tradition of Lu State in the Spring and Autumn Period, in which the flourished ritual and music represent the civilization of Pre-Qin. This study examines the historical facts of the ministers of Lu State and focuses on the Zang Family. Based on the words and deeds of the family member, this study identifies two distinguished features of the Zang Family tradition: (1) well educated and courteous, and (2) stating outright. Both features serves as the characteristics of Zang Family tradition that has been passed on through generations. This paper aims to develop a new sphere for the study of Pre-Qin family precepts in the future.