JUSTIFYING PART-OF-SPEECH ASSIGNMENTS IN MANDARIN CHINESE

為劃分漢語詞類提供理論依據

馬神武(James D. McCawley)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics》 20卷2期 (1992/06) Pp. 211-246

摘要

An attempt is made to provide a universal basis for cross-linguistic identification of parts of speech in terms of implicational universals and prototypes. Some classes of Mandarin Chinese words whose assignment to particular parts of speech is controversial are reexamined in light of the proposed universals. The following conclusions are reached: (i) auxiliary verbs are Vs; (ii) most of the so-called 'coverbs' are Ps, but some are Vs; (iii) 'localizers' such as shang/xia/li and words such as yĭqián, yĭhòu are Ns, not Ps; (iv) the various words that have from time to time been classed as As are Vs and do not even make up a subclass of Vs that can be characterized in syntactic terms.

並列摘要

本文嘗試在包含性的範疇內提出一個鑑別詞類的通用的基礎。本文對一些詞類屬性有爭議的詞在本文提出的鑑別詞類的通用的基礎之上進行了研究。得出的結論是：（一）助動詞是Vs；（二）所謂'Coverb'的大多數是Ps，但是有一些是Vs；（三）諸如〔上／下／里〕這些方位詞和〔以前／以後〕一類詞是Ns，不是Ps；（四）一些經常劃為As的詞實際上是Vs，它們甚至不構成Vs中具有特定句法特性的一個次詞類。