- 期刊
THE CONDITION AND CHANGE OF 共 VIS-À-VIS 合 IN SOUTHERN MIN WITH A SIDELIGHT ON INTRA-DIALECTAL VARIATION
閩南語中「共」相對於「合」的限制和演變兼論方言內部的差異
摘要
There are three kinds of kang^7 共 attested in the sixteenth century and later Southern Min playscripts as well as the Chinese-character and Romanized Southern Min texts compiled by Spanish missionaries in the seventeenth century: (1) kang^7 共 expressing relationship of co-participation, (2) kang^7 共 exhibiting a unilateral relationship, and (3) kang^7 共 showing a co-ordinate relationship. Ka^7 as a reflex of kang^7 共 is limited to the unilateral relationship construction in modern Taiwanese Southern Min. Thus, there is a lexical replacement by which kang^7 共 claiming both a co-participation relationship and a co-ordinate relationship in earlier times is replaced by kap^4/kah^4 合 or its dialectal variants such as tsham^1 摻, ham^7 含 and kiau^1 交in Taiwanese Southern Min. However, the situation concerning the constructional types claimed by共vis-à-vis合is somewhat different if we take other modern Southern Min varieties such as Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Chaozhou into consideration. Quanzhou seems to be more conservative than Zhangzhou and Chaozhou in that kang^7 共 holds faster to its original domain.
並列摘要
在十六世紀以降的早期閩南戲文和西班牙傳教士所編撰的十七世紀閩南語漢字或羅馬字文本中kang^7「共」出現於三種構式：(1) kang^7（協同構式）、(2) kang^7（單邊構式）、(3) kang^7（對等連接構式）。但在現代臺灣閩南語中ka^7作為早期kang^7「共」的現代後裔只限用於非協同構式。因此協同構式和對等連接構式先前由kang^7「共」統轄，現在讓位給kap^4/kah^4「合」或是其他的方言變體，如chham^1「摻」、ham^7「含」和kiau^1「交」。不過如果把其他現代閩南方言（如泉州話、漳州話、潮州話）也列入考慮，「共」相對於「合」所涵蓋的構式情況就多少有些差異，也就是說，泉州話比漳州話、潮州話保守，即泉州話中「共」還多少守住了kang^7「共」在早期閩南語的格局。