民国时期,在华的天主教印书馆出版了一批依据圣经故事改编的戏剧作品,其形式多样,有中国本土多种传统曲艺,也有现代话剧。这批剧作多次重版,部分还在重要节庆搬上舞台演出。戏剧对于天主教在中国的传播影响颇为深远,但至今仍鲜为学界关注。本文以武国栋的《古圣若瑟白话演义》(1925)为个案,从人物冲突、若瑟形象、神学解读、道德教化、诙谐效果等方面,考察剧作者对圣经的改编策略。《古圣若瑟白话演义》的“演义"力求把“教"与“乐"的张力加以调和,除了强调其神学及道德教化的意义,亦在剧本写作上尽力追求文学性,以符合戏剧本身的要求,也刻意营造了诙谐效果,把信徒身心的消遣和宗教的潜移默化结合起来,达至“寓教于乐"的效果。本研究有助填补汉语天主教戏剧研究,以及圣经在华接受史的一大空白。
A corpus of dramatic texts, chiefly representations of biblical stories, was published by the Catholic presses in China during the Republican era (1912-1949). Some biblical tales were retold and transformed in a variety of dramatic genres, including traditional Chinese opera, folk performing arts and modern spoken drama. Periodically put on stage in Catholic churches and schools during religious festivals and celebrations, these performative texts were conducive to the spread of Catholic doctrines and values in Republican China. Taking Gusheng Ruose Baihua Yanyi (1925) as a case study, this paper investigates the playwright's textual strategies in rewriting the biblical narratives of Joseph, particularly his efforts in reconciling the potential tensions between edification and entertainment. This pioneering study shall deepen our understanding of the Chinese Catholic biblical dramas and the reception history of the Bible.