Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) as the main vector for the transmission of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle, it has attracted more and more attention in recent years because of the gradual northward movement of infested forest areas. In the prevention and control process of the modern M.alternatus, traditional physical control and chemical control can no longer meet the needs of today's sustainable development. This paper presents a review of the impact of the M.alternatus on pine forest pests, with the aim of reducing the irreversible damage caused by chemical and physical control, basing on the control principle of M.alternatus, the present control challenges and countermeasures were compared.The results of field trials with different approaches are compared and analyzed and the future trends of M.alternatus control are discussed and prospected. In order to solve the problems of excessive labor cost of physical control and irreversible pollution to the local ecological environment caused by chemical control, this paper combines "biological control methods" with "physical control methods" and "chemical control methods" to find out the best control methods for different insect stages of M.alternatus, to bring into play the maximum potential of different control methods, to solve the pest expansion hazard in a targeted manner, and to provide help for those who are engaged in the control of M.alternatus in the future.