- 學位論文
我國家事事件法上暫時處分制度之研究-以德國家事事件暫時權利保護制度之比較研究為中心
Reserach on the Injunction of Family Act in Taiwan ―Focus on comparative to temporary Remedy in the system of Germany's family matters
摘要
德國家事及非訟事件法於二OO九年九月一日施行後，全面將家事事件非訟化，並於該法第49條以下規定，就家事事件之暫時權利保護設置暫時命令制度，適用於全部家事事件，對於家事事件之暫時權利保護制度帶來全新面貌，經由立法設計不再要求應有本案事件之繫屬，賦予其具有獨立程序之性質，其暫時命令可得採取之措施涵蓋傳統保全處分、規制性處分及滿足性給付等內容，充分發揮甚至擴大傳統家事保全處分之機能，且一方面為滿足此類事件之緊急、迅速需求，雖採取略式審理程序，然在程序上仍依個別暫時命令事件之特性及需求，賦予法院得彈性運用言詞辯論、以書面陳述意見，甚至事後之聽審方式，並給予關係人得就未行言詞辯論之暫時命令裁定，聲請行言詞辯論程序，撤銷或變更原裁定，並搭配聽審權異議制度，凸顯德國新法對於關係人程序權保障之重視程度。 相較於德國新法採取暫時命令適用於全部家事事件之一元程序，我國家事事件法採取家事訴訟及家事非訟程序之二元程序下，僅家事非訟事件得適用暫時處分制度，且明訂須於法院受理家事非訟事件後，始得提出聲請，亦即與本案家事非訟事件之間具有附隨性質，此與德國新法之暫時命令得獨立於本案事件之外單獨提起截然不同，適可使此一制度兼顧關係人簡速裁判與慎重裁判之基本要求，使暫時處分程序適時發揮程序前、後階段之銜接、架橋作用。 最後本文試舉事例說明事件類型審理論及程序法理交錯如何運用在暫時處分程序之審理，及事件類型化審理與本案事件間之關係，有鑑於家事非訟事件類型多樣化，未來如何因應暫時處分事件之類型，充足其審理程序及其將來執行程序，以確實兼顧滿足聲請人迅速獲得暫時權利保護之需求，及相對人等其他關係人之程序權保障等基本要求，仍屬值得繼續探討、拓深之重要課題。
並列摘要
The Family Affairs and Non-Contentious Act of Germany which were implemented on September 1st, 2009, categorizes family affairs into non-contentious matters. Pursuant to Article 49, the temporary remedy of family affairs shall be implemented with a temporary order and is applied to all family affairs, which renders a whole new appearance for the temporary remedy for family affairs. The design of the consolidation endows the remedy an independent procedure character and no longer requires the affair in question to be registered. The temporary order covers the ordinary provisional remedies, regulatory disposition and satisfactory payment, which fully exert or even expand the function of the traditional provisional remedies for family affairs. On the other hand, in order to satisfy the emergency and speedy needs for such affairs, though summary proceeding is adopted, according to the characteristics and needs of individual temporary order, the court is endowed with the jurisdiction to use flexible hearing method such as oral-argument, argument in written, or even afterward hearing. The permission of the temporary order ruling, the applying for oral-argument, the revoke or change of the original ruling for related persons who had not argued orally, aligning with the hearing objection, manifest the valuation of the protection of related persons’ procedural right in German new act. Compared to the simple unit procedure adopted by Germany which the temporary order applies to all family affairs, the Family Act in Taiwan adopted two-tier procedure which was classified into contentious and non-contentious family affairs. Injunction only applies to non-contentious affairs, and can only be motioned when the court accepts the non-contentious affair, which means the injunction is attach with the affair, which is completely different from the independency of the German temporary order from the affair in question. Considering both basic requirement- speedy trial and careful trial, the injunction may exert as the connection of the pre and post stages of the procedure. Lastly, this thesis raises examples to explain how the ruling theory classified by cases and the legal theories of procedure interlace and apply to the ruling of injunction, and the relationship between ruling theory classified by cases and the affair in question. In light of the variety of the non-contentious family affairs, the important issues about how to act in accordance with the types of injunction cases, to suffice the ruling procedure and the future implementing procedure, to actually fulfill the needs of the motion filler to rapidly acquire the temporary remedy, and the basic needs for related persons’ procedural protection right, are to be continually discussed and broadened.