天學與認主學：明末清初天主教及伊斯蘭教人性論會通比較

本文主要探討明末清初在華天主教耶穌會士和伊斯蘭經堂學者之翻譯著作，並且將著重以人性論為中心，分析兩教進入中國的背景以及自身傳統如何影響會通著作的誕生。這些宗教菁英的翻譯和寫作並不只代表著西學東來，或是衝突-回應的意義而已，而是他們運用自身的傳統並與中國思想對話，使他們超越各自和中國以儒家為主的傳統，因此兩教的會通著作富含詮釋學意義，使宗教和哲學思想能夠站在同一個對話平台上，西方和東方能等量齊觀，伊斯蘭教和天主教在與中國思想交流本身就具有許多研究價值，並為本文所關注。本文第一章先進行大致的文獻回顧和名詞解釋、定義和方法，介紹所使用的文本等，並闡述問題意識。第二章將討論兩教採取什麼策略和儒家對應或反對，並且關注他們所帶來人性論當中的靈魂之說，透過對靈魂的分析如何論述人的本質並如何修德的工夫論。第三章探討人性論中對於聖人的論述，分析聖人和今世、來世有何關係，聖人和聖人之道如何成為修德的必要內容，而兩教傳統中的聖人與儒家聖人、止於至善的目標之關聯將有較為具體的探討。第四章將延身討論兩教在生成許多文本之後要如何傳遞，並且大致產生哪些影響和意義，並在最後一章總結本文的研究成果和未來可以更多延伸的方向。

關鍵字

耶穌會；經堂；明末清初；翻譯；靈魂；儒學；人性論；聖人；會通

並列摘要

This article mainly discusses the translation works of Catholic Jesuits and Islamic Jing-tang scholars in China in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Besides this article will focus on the discussion of human nature (人性Renxing), analyzing the background of the two religions entering China and how their own traditions influence the birth of the interpretative works (會通Hui-tong). The translation and writing of these religious elites do not only mean Western learning to the east or the meaning of conflict-response, but they use their own traditions and dialogue with Chinese thoughts to make them transcend their own traditions and Confucian-dominated teachings. Therefore, the works of the two religions are rich in hermeneutic meaning, so that religious and philosophical thoughts can stand on the same platform of dialogue, and the West and the East can be equal. Islamic and Catholicism have many research values in their exchanges with Chinese thought. The first chapter of this article begins with a general literature review and noun explanations, definitions and methods, introducing the text used, etc., and explains the problem awareness. The second chapter will discuss the strategies adopted by the two religions and the Confucian counterparts or oppositions, and pay attention to the theory of the souls in the human nature theory they bring, through the analysis of the soul how to discuss the essence of human beings and how to cultivate the morality of morality. The third chapter focuses the discussion of saints or sages in the theory of human nature, and analyzes how the saints relate to the present and the future, how the saints and saints become the necessary content of the cultivation of the virtues, and the saints and Confucian saints in the two religious traditions are at the best. There will be a more specific discussion of the relevance of the target. The fourth chapter will discuss how the two religions should be transmitted after generating many texts, and what influences and meanings are roughly produced. In the last chapter, the research results of this article and the future extension directions can be summarized.