日本企業於台灣鐵路號誌系統發展之創新策略-以日商京三為例

筆者任職於日商京三，多年來參與臺灣鐵道工程，有感於臺灣鐵道推動國產化的政策及業務方向調整，京三集團致力於設備國產化、維修在地化、服務快捷化，提升自主技術及本土化發展，促進產業升級且構築完整供應鏈、維修備品及開發智慧鐵道，同時增加台灣本地之採購、減少國外技術人員來台比例及管理面都由本地人員擔任，逐漸提高於國產化之比例，期使逐步達成鐵道運輸在地化永續發展的目標。本研究為了瞭解日商京三於台灣的發展策略，撰擬問卷進行訪談。以台灣鐵路工程、設備之採購模式與相關規範為研究背景，另以日商京三總公司(日商京三製作所(股)公司)、台灣分公司、子公司(台灣京三(股)公司)為研究對象，藉由文獻、資料之蒐集、辨證、反思；另從公司內部企業文化及協力廠商的訪談，藉以了解日商京三於台灣發展策略。針對台灣鐵路號誌系統發展之創新策略探討(1)國產化研發策略、(2)新技術、新設備、新材料與新工法於相關工程或標案之應用。本研究結論歸納如下： 1.台灣鐵路號誌系統之創新方向：為提升鐵道之營運效率及安全，需適時引進「新技術」、「新設備」、「新材料」、「新工法」等創新科技，以建構全臺智慧鐵道。 2.鐵路工程於政府採購制度下之省思：「限制性最有利標」可透過評選方式篩選符合資格的廠商，評選項目以「關鍵議題與對策」及「創新作法」最被重視，金質獎為公共工程的品質標竿，提供額外加分，亦有導正廠商加強施工品質的宣示性效果。 3.日商京三於台灣之發展策略：積極投入「設備國產化」，培植在地維修人才，已不需仰賴日本，可於台灣從設計、採購、組裝、測試、保固及維修都能獨立作業。 4.日商京三之創新策略：運用各協力廠商之專業技能提出「新技術、新設備、新材料與新工法」之創見以解決問題。

關鍵字

鐵路號誌系統；政府採購；國產化；新技術；新設備；新材料與新工法

並列摘要

The author works for Kyosan Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Having participated in Taiwan’s railway projects for many years, the author understands the policies and business adjustment to promote railway localization in Taiwan. Kyosan Group is committed to the localization of equipment, localization of maintenance, and offering rapid service to improve the development of independent and localized technologies, promote industrial upgrading, establish a robust supply chain as well as spare parts for maintenance, and develop smart railways. In addition, it also increases local procurement in Taiwan, reduces the percentage of foreign technicians visiting Taiwan, and increases management oversight by local personnel. Thus, Kyosan gradually implements the localization policy, and helps achieve the goal of railway transportation localization and sustainable development. In order to understand the development strategies of Kyosan Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd. in Taiwan, questionnaire interviews were conducted. The scope of the interviews was based on Taiwan's railway projects and the types of equipment procurement as well as related specifications. Kyosan Headquarters (Kyosan Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd.), and the Taiwan branch and subsidiary (Taiwan Kyosan Co., Ltd.) were selected as the research subjects to carry out literature and information collection, dialectics, and reflection. Through understanding the company's corporate culture and interviews with the suppliers, the development strategy of Kyosan Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd. in Taiwan was identified. Discussions on (1) localization R D strategies, and (2) the application of new technologies, new equipment, new materials and new construction methods in related projects and tenders were carried out, with regard to the development of innovation strategies in Taiwan's railway signaling system. The conclusions of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Innovation in Taiwan's railway signaling system: To improve the operational efficiency and safety of railways, it is essential to introduce innovative technologies such as New Technologies, New Equipment, New Materials, and New Construction Methods in a timely manner to build a smart railway system for Taiwan. 2. Reflection on railway projects within the government procurement system: Limited Most Advantageous Tenders can be used to select qualified contractors through the evaluation process. Key Issues Countermeasures, as well as Innovative Practices, are the most important evaluation criteria. The Golden Quality Award serves as a benchmark for the quality of public works. In addition to providing bonus points, it also has the effect of guiding contractors to strengthen their construction quality. 3. Kyosan Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd.’s development strategy in Taiwan: The strategy is to actively invest in Localization of Equipment and cultivate local maintenance talents, to avoid dependence on Japan. This enables operations such as design, procurement, assembly, testing, warranty, and maintenance to be carry out independently in Taiwan. 4. Kyosan Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd.’s innovative strategies: Utilizing specialized skills of all suppliers to propose New Technologies, New Equipment, New Materials and New Construction Methods, and thus solve problems. Keywords: Railway Signaling Systems; Government Procurement; Localization; New Technologies, New Equipment, New Materials and New Construction Methods