- 學位論文
歐盟個人資料保護與國際貿易的耦合:規範性權力的辨析
The Coupling Between the EU Personal Data Protection and International Trade: The Analysis of Normative Power
摘要
歐盟為因應數位經濟的快速發展，反轉由美中競爭的全球數位貿易市場，希冀藉由通過鼓勵法律體系的融合來提升其資料保護價值並促進資料流通，進而成為全球數位貿易和資料保護問題的有效規則制定者，在全球社會中使其「規範性權力」，得以發揮影響力，進而在美中貿易衝突的賽局中，能夠佔有一席之地。 現今自由貿易與全球化的發展過程中，跨國的資料流通已然成為數位貿易之基礎，但各國對於跨境個人資料保護機制，尚無法取得共識，僅能透過雙邊、複邊、多邊乃至於區域的自由貿易協定等方式，就個人資料保護等制度進行協調，藉以降低或避免貿易間的不確定性，使有助促進跨境的個人資料流通，同時兼顧個人資料保護。因此，在考量自由貿易所帶來的經濟利益，許多全球行為者都致力於調和與貿易對象間的個人資料保護原則建立，特別是歐盟。 畢竟在數位經濟的發展過程中，資料應用服務愈趨多元，為確保各類服務提供者所蒐集之個人資料自由流動於各國間，且能受到一定程度的保護，這將致使個人資料保護的機制成為健全貿易體制的重要組成。 本文即以Ian Manners所提的「規範性權力」理論為切入點，藉以分析當個人資料保護的基本權利與經濟發展的自由貿易產生衝突時，歐盟如何在兩者間如何取得平衡，又如何透過《一般資料保護規則》，在其對外貿易的相關事務，展現其所謂的「規範性權力」，而這將是本論文的重點核心。 最後，本研究發現，歐盟規範性權力係其對外貿易關係展現的重要手段，而其對傳統基本價值的堅持不會改變，只是歐盟將採取更為彈性且靈活的作法，來促使國際自由貿易蓬勃發展。
並列摘要
In response to the rapid development of the digital economy, the European Union has reversed the global digital trade market that is contested by the United States and China, hoping to enhance its data protection value and promote data circulation by encouraging the integration of legal systems, and then become the focus of global digital trade and data protection issues. Effective rule-makers enable their "normative power" to exert influence in the global community, and thus can occupy a place in the game of the US-China trade conflict. In today's development of free trade and globalization, cross-border data flow has become the basis of digital trade. However, countries have yet to reach a consensus on cross-border personal data protection mechanisms. Only bilateral, plurilateral, multilateral and even regional mechanisms can be adopted. By means of free trade agreements and other means, coordinate systems such as personal data protection, so as to reduce or avoid trade uncertainties, and help promote cross-border personal data circulation while taking personal data protection into consideration. Therefore, considering the economic benefits brought about by free trade, many global actors are committed to harmonizing and establishing the principles of personal data protection among trading partners, especially the European Union. After all, in the course of the development of the digital economy, data application services are becoming more and more diversified. In order to ensure that the personal data collected by various service providers flows freely among countries and can be protected to a certain extent, this will lead to a personal data protection mechanism. It has become an important component of a sound trading system. This study starts with the theory of "normative power" proposed by Ian Manners, in order to analyze how the EU strikes a balance between the fundamental rights of personal data protection and free trade for economic development, and How to demonstrate its so-called "normative power" in matters related to foreign trade through the "General Data Protection Regulations", which will be the focus of this study. Finally, this study finds that the EU's prescriptive powers are an important means of demonstrating its external trade relations, and that its adherence to traditional fundamental values will not change, except that the EU will adopt a more flexible and nimble approach to facilitate the flourishing of international free trade.